阻燃高抗冲聚苯乙烯/有机改性蒙脱土纳米复合材料阻燃效应的研究(Ⅰ)--传统阻燃剂与改性蒙脱土的阻燃协效性

运用"一步熔融共混法"制备了包含十溴联苯醚(DBDPO)-氧化锑(Sb2O3)和蒙脱土(MMT)-十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(C16BrN)阻燃体系的高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)复合材料,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、UL 94垂直燃烧测试和锥形量热计等测试手段对其结构形貌和燃烧性能进行了表征.结果表明,在传统阻燃剂DBDPO存在前提下,仍然获取了具有插层结构的高抗冲聚苯乙烯/蒙脱土(HIPS/MMT)纳米复合材料.燃烧特性实验发现两种阻燃体系在HIPS基体中具有良好协效性,复合材料热释放速率大幅下降.这种效应为减少溴系阻燃剂用量以降低生产成本和减轻不良环境效应提供了依据,对于发展绿色环保型高性能聚合物阻燃复合材料非常有意义.     

光催化净水材料MoO3的制备及应用方法

该发明公开了一种光催化净水材料MoO3的制备及应用方法：在室温下制备钼酸铵水溶液，向其中添加表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵，混合均匀；搅拌下滴加稀盐酸溶液，至出现大量沉淀，收集沉淀物，反复洗涤、干燥，制得前驱物；焙烧前驱物，获得光催化净水材料MoO3。该光催化净水材料可用于含有机染料的废液的处理，对各有机染料的脱色率均达到80％以上，     

CPAM二次改性有机膨润土的脱色性能研究

分别用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)和阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)改性钠基膨润土,并用CPAM二次改性CTMAB插层膨润土,分析了三种改性后的膨润土的结构并研究了对模拟印染废水的吸附脱色性能。结果表明,经过CPAM二次改性过的CTMAB插层膨润土的层间距d001大于CTMAB改性膨润土、CPAM改性膨润土和钠基膨润土,且二次改性膨润土的脱色效果最佳。用50mg二次改性膨润土处理200mL浓度为30mg/L的活性艳红模拟印染废水时脱色率就可达90%以上,且沉降速度快,表现出良好的吸附、脱色、絮凝沉降的协同效应。     

表面活性剂增感原子吸收法测定空气中氧化钙

在用空气--乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定空气中氧化钙时,加入阳离子表面活性剂(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵),可使钙的吸光度增加,从而降低了特征浓度,提高了分析灵敏度,可准确、简便地测定样品中的氧化钙.     

A comparative study and evaluation of sulfamethoxazole adsorption onto organo-montmorillonites

Three organo-montmorillonites were prepared using surfactants, and their adsorption behaviors toward sulfamethoxazole（SMX） were investigated. The surfactants used were cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide（CTMAB）, 3-（N,N-dimethylhexadecylammonio） propane sulfonate（HDAPS） and 1,3-bis（hexadecyldimethylammonio）-propane dibromide（BHDAP）. The properties of the organo-montmorillonites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and N2adsorption–desorption isotherm measurements. Results showed that the interlayer spacing of montmorillonite was increased and the surface area as well as the morphology were changed. Batch adsorption experiments showed that the surfactant loading amount had a great effect on the adsorption of SMX. The adsorption process was p H dependent and the maximum adsorption capacity was obtained at p H 3 for HDAPS-Mt, while CTMAB-Mt and BHDAP-Mt showed a high removal efficiency at 3–11. The adsorption capacity increased with the initial SMX concentration and contact time but decreased with increasing solution ionic strength.Kinetic data were best described by the pseudo second-order model. Equilibrium data were best represented by the Langmuir model, and the Freundlich constant（n） indicated a favorable adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity of SMX was 235.29 mg/g for CTMAB-Mt, 155.28 mg/g for HDAPS-Mt and 242.72 mg/g for BHDAP-Mt. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated to evaluate the spontaneity and endothermic or exothermic nature. The adsorption mechanism was found to be dominated by electrostatic interaction,while hydrophobic interaction played a secondary role.     

HDTMA改性蒙脱土对苯酚的吸附及机理研究

利用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HDTMA)改性蒙脱土处理含酚废水．了解不同改性量有机蒙脱土吸附苯酚的能力。结果表明．改性蒙脱土按照分配机理吸附苯酚．改性蒙脱土改性量高和水溶液中苯酚浓度高．其吸跗的苯酚数量大。1．0CEC(阳离子交换容量)改性蒙脱土对水溶液中苯酚去除率达到76％。改性蒙脱土中有机物对苯酚的吸附存在协同作用．因此．改性蒙脱土吸附苯酚的增加速率要超过其中HDTMA增加的速率。在试验的苯酚浓度下．改性蒙脱土对苯酚吸附符合Freundlich吸附模式．不符合Langmuir吸附模式。     

阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）对磷钨酸(PW12)光催化还原降解偶氮染料直接耐晒黑G的影响

以磷钨酸H3PW12O4（PW12）为光催化剂,异丙醇（IS）作为电子给体,研究阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）对PW12光催化还原降解直接耐晒黑G（DB19）的影响.考察了CTAB浓度、pH值、DB19初始浓度等因素对反应的影响,并采用一级反应动力学对反应过程进行分析.结果表明CTAB增强了PW12对直接耐晒黑G的还原脱色作用,CTAB浓度增加,DB19的光催化脱色速率提高.PW12用量对DB19还原脱色的影响程度和趋势与溶液中CTAB浓度有关,当CTAB浓度为0.10 mmol.L-1时,DB19的脱色速率随PW12用量的增加而增加;CTAB浓度为0.05 mmol.L-1,PW12用量为200 mg.L-1时DB19的脱色速率最快,继续增加反而降低.DB19还原脱色速率随其初始浓度升高而降低.另外,通过循环伏安法和暗反应明确还原态杂多蓝对染料的还原脱色作用,并借助UV-Vis光谱研究DB19、PW12、CTAB之间的相互作用,探索CTAB对PW12/IS光催化还原降解DB19的作用机理.该研究结果表明阳离子表面活性剂CTAB能够增强偶氮染料废水的PW12催化还原脱色处理.     

表面活性剂光催化降解动力学研究

为了研究光催化法对不同电荷类型表面活性剂的降解性能,在紫外光照射下,用TiO2光催化剂对阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)、阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和两性表面活性剂十八烷基甜菜碱(BS18)进行降解试验.同时,探讨了TiO2光催化剂加入量、表面活性剂初始质量浓度及初始pH对光降解的影响及其动力学过程.结果表明,3种表面活性剂的降解行为符合准一级动力学规律,3种表面活性剂降解速率快慢顺序为:BS18CTABSDS.SDS和BS18的最佳TiO2催化剂用量为1 g.L-1,而CTAB的最优用量为2g.L-1;CTAB和BS18的光降解速率随着活性剂初始质量浓度的增大而线性减小,SDS的降解速率则随活性剂初始质量浓度的增加而缓慢增大;CTAB和BS18在偏碱性条件下降解最快,而SDS在弱酸条件下具有最大的动力学降解速率.     

Solubilization and degradation of perchloroethylene （PCE） in cationic and nonionic surfactant solutions

Solubilization of perchloroethylene (PCE) in a nonionic (Triton X-100) and a cationic (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)) surfactant solutions and the degradation of surfactant solubilized PCE using fine to nanosize Fe and bi-metallic Fe-Ni particles were investigated. Micelle partition coefficients (Km) and molar solubility ratio (MSR) for PCE in 10 g/L of surfactant solutions have been quantified and the solubility of PCE (100 mg/L in water) in the surfactant solutions increased by about ten fold. Of the two surfactants studied, Triton X-100 solubilized the higher amount of PCE per gram of surfactant. To degrade solubilized PCE, both iron and bimetallic Fe-Ni particles were used in continuously stirred batch reactors. The iron and bi-metallic particles were synthesized using the solution method and the particles were characterized using the SEM, EDS, TEM and XRD. The PCE solubilized up to 500 mg/L in both surfactant solutions were totally degraded at various rates by 200 g/L of bi-metallic Fe-Ni particles in less than 20 hr, which is the highest concentration of PCE degraded in the shortest time compared to data in the literature. The degradations of PCE solubilized in surfactant solutions were represented by nonlinear kinetic relationships which depended on the type of surfactant used for solubilizing the PCE.     

固定化改性蒙脱土对苯酚吸附性能的研究

利用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对天然蒙脱土进行改性，并用聚乙烯醇对改性蒙脱土进行固定化处理，然后进行柱状吸附和振荡条件的吸附试验。研究结果表明，HDTMA改性蒙脱土固定化后能有效吸附苯酚，不同环境条件对苯酚的柱状吸附能力产生不同的影响。在pH4～8的范围内，固定化改性蒙脱土对苯酚的吸附效果无显著性差异，pH在10以上．其吸附能力明显下降；温度对吸附效果影响不大；进水苯酚浓度越高，改性蒙脱土对苯酚的吸附量越大，但出水苯酚浓度也高；苯酚的流速越小，吸附容量越高，吸附效果越好。