土壤含水层NAPLs污染修复技术的研究进展＊

文章介绍了非水相流体(NAPLs)的性质,综述了地下土壤含水层NAPLs污染治理的六种主要技术,分析了各种技术的原理、特点、治理效果及其研究进展,提出了修复技术存在的问题及今后要做的工作。     

A field study of advanced municipal wastewater treatment technology for artificial groundwater recharge

Field studies were conducted to investigate the advanced treatment of the municipal secondary effluent and a subsequent artificial groundwater recharge at Gaobeidian Wastewater Treatment Plant, Beijing. To improve the secondary effluent quality, the combined process of powdered activated carbon adsorption, flocculation and rapid sand filtration was applied, which could remove about 400 dissolved organic carbon （DOC） and 70% adsorbable organic halogens. The results of liquid size exclusion chromatography indicate that in the adsorption unit the removed organic fraction was mainly low molecular weight compounds. The fractions removed by the flocculation unit were polysaccharides and high molecular weight compounds. The retention of water in summer in the open recharge basins resulted in a growth of algae. Consequently, DOC increased in the polysaccharide and high molecular weight humic substances fraction. The majority of the DOC removal during soil passage took place in the unsaturated area. A limited reduction of DOC was observed in the aquifer zone.     

基于弱透水层影响的越流含水层系统溶质运移模型研究综述

越流含水层系统由于分布广泛、开发潜力大等特点而被大量开发利用,针对其溶质运移模型的研究具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。越流含水层系统溶质运移模型经历了纯对流模型、对流弥散模型和考虑水-岩相互作用的对流弥散模型的发展历程,近年来由黏土构成的弱透水层中的溶质运移问题受到持续关注,建立考虑弱透水层影响的越流含水层系统溶质运移模型成为溶质运移领域的研究热点。对目前基于弱透水层影响的越流含水层系统溶质运移模型方面的研究进行了综述,重点分析了弱透水层中的弥散作用、水-岩相互作用、固结作用、非达西渗流等对越流含水层系统溶质运移的影响,并指出弱透水层中溶质运移规律定量描述、非达西渗流与溶质运移模型的耦合、水动力弥散系数的测定及其尺度效应等方面的研究还需要进一步加强,是未来该领域的重要研究方向。     

污水土壤含水层处理系统原理、管理、效率和应用

论述了污水土壤含水层处理系统中的地球化学过程。该系统通过对污染物的机械过滤、生物化学转化和降解过程、吸附／解吸过程、氧化／还原过程、沉淀／溶解过程、以及矿物的合成过程净化污水。运作周期通常为1～2d灌水／4—5d排干，年水力负荷变化于15—100m之间，应根据季节变化调整水力负荷。该系统能有效去除污水中的微生物和悬浮物，降低COD和BOD含量，和去除潜在的有毒的无机成分，如重金属和含氧阴离子。作为一种低投资、低能耗、高净化效率、运行简单的自然的污水处理技术，其在世界各国得到了广泛应用。我国部分地区水资源极其短缺，在土壤和气候条件适合的地区，应用土壤含水层处理技术处理污水，实现污水资源化，既解决了污水污染环境问题，又将在一定程度上缓解该地区的水资源短缺问题，对于经济与环境的协调发展具有重要意义。     

天津市区第四系地下水资源分析

对天津市区地下含水层和地面沉降历史进行分析,提出地下水资源利用建议。     

Changes in quality of groundwater with seasonal fluctuations： an example from Ghor Sail area, southern Dead Sea coastal aquifers, Jordan

The demand for water resources in the area south of the Dead Sea due to continued development, especially at the Arab Potash Company （APC） for production and domestic purposes necessitates that water quality in the area be monitored and evaluated based on the local geology and hydrogeology. The objective of this paper is to monitor seasonal fluctuations of groundwater and to determine how fluctuation in the water levels will affect the groundwater quality. Groundwater levels were found to be influenced by rainfall and pumping of water from the wells for domestic and industrial use. Twenty water samples were collected from different wells and analyzed for major chemical constituents both in pre- and post-seasons to determine the quality variation. Chemical constituents are significantly increased after post-season recharge. According to the overall assessment of the area, water quality was found to be useful for drinking, irrigation and industry.     

大庆市地下水中铁、锰变化规律及形成

本文通过5年来对大庆地区地下水中铁、锰的监测结果，总结出地下水中铁、锰变化规律，并浅析了其形成。     

3H和99Tc在黄土中的迁移特性比较

3H和99Tc是低中放废物处置中2个重要的核素,在处置场的安全评价中十分重要.由于介质对3H和99Tc的吸附较弱,常忽略其滞留性,并用3H标定地下水的流速.野外实验表明:在包气带中,黄土对99Tc的吸附大于3H;在含水层中,黄土对3H迁移的影响大于99Tc.本文根据实验数据,采用非平衡吸附模式NESOR程序分别模拟了3H和99Tc在黄土包气带和含水层中的迁移过程.模拟结果表明:99Tc在黄土包气带中的分配系数范围为0.05～0.055mL/g;3H在黄土含水层中分配系数为0.116mL/g,该参数是黄土对3H和99Tc综合影响的结果,其滞留机理尚待研究.     

锦州市大、小凌河扇地水源地地下水水量与水位预测

通过对研究区地下水动力场的基本特征分析，确定了锦州地区区域水文地质概念模型；并建立数学模型对此概念模型加以描述；进而采用目前比较常用的数值解法——有限元法对地下水的运动规律进行研究，在模型识别基础上对各水源地的水位进行了预测．     

茨竹沟井田环境水文地质特征分析与评价

摘要：在茨竹沟井田勘查基础上,利用水质分析测试资料,采用水质污染综合评价指数法,对该井田水环境现状进行了评价,并对水环境发展变化趋势进行初步预测。