聚醚废水处理工艺研究

研究了中和混凝-厌氧十好氧-生物活性炭组合工艺,在不同工况和运行参数条件下处理聚醚废水的效果．结果表明,中和混凝能有效地降低生物处理的污泥负荷,调节pH值6．7,聚合氯化铝的投加量为l00mg/L时．聚醚废水COD去除率可达28％,当进水的COD为3000～4000mg/L时,聚醚废水经此组合工艺处理后,COD的总去除率达96％以上,出水COD值约150mg/L.     

Volatilization of heavy metals during incineration of municipal solid wastes

Incineration experiments with MSW, which had been impregnated with heavy metals, were presented to obtain information on the volatilization behavior of the elements cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) under different conditions. Experiments were carried out in a bubbling fluid bed system connected to a customized inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy(ICP-OES) for analyzing metals in the flue gas. The results indicated that the combustion temperature, the gas atmosphere, and the chlorine content in the flue gas could affect the volatilization behavior of heavy metals. In the fluidized bed combustion, a large surface area was provided by the bed sand particles, and they may act as absorbents for the gaseous ash-forming compound. Comparer with the metals Cd and Pb, the vaporization of Zn was low. The formation of stable compounds such as ZnO.Al2O3 could greatly decrease the metals volatilization. The presence of chlorine would enhance the volatilization of heavy metals by increasing the formation of metal chlorides. However, when the oxygen content was high, the chlorinating reaction was kinetically hindered, which heavy metals release would be delayed.     

Biological removal of air loaded with a hydrogen sulfide and ammonia mixture

The nuisance impact of air pollutant emissions from wastewater pumping stations is a major issue of concern to China. Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia are commonly the primary odor and are important targets for removal. An alternative control technology, biofiltration, was studied. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of unit systems packed with compost in terms of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions treatment, and to establish optimal operating conditions for a full-scale conceptual design. The laboratory scale biofilter packed with compost was continuously supplied with hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas mixtures. A volumetric load of less than 150 gH2S/(m^3.d) and 230 gNH3/(m^3.d) was applied for about fifteen weeks. Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia elimination occurred in the biofilter simultaneously. The removal efficiency, removal capacity and removal kinetics in the biofilter were studied. The hydrogen sulfide removal efficiency reached was very high above 99%, and ammonia removal efficiency was about 80%. Hydrogen sulfide was oxidized into sulphate. The ammonia oxidation products were nitrite and nitrate. Ammonia in the biofilter was mainly removed by adsorption onto the carrier material and by absorption into the water fraction of the carrier material. High percentages of hydrogen sulfide or ammonia were oxidized in the first section of the column. Through kinetics analysis, the presence of ammonia did not hinder the hydrogen sulfide removal. According to the relationship between pressure drop and gas velocity for the biofilter and Reynolds number, non-Darcy flow can be assumed to represent the flow in the medium.     

煤矿矿井废水处理工艺改进的应用研究

通过对某一煤矿矿井废水处理工艺存在的问题进行研究和分析,对其废水处理工艺进行了改进,废水经其处理,水质达到国家一级排放标准,可以完全回收利用.     

微塑料在饮用水中的去除研究进展

一直以来,塑料制品因方便快捷在人们的生活中广泛使用。然而,随着在水环境中越来越多地检测到微塑料,人们开始对其越来越重视。特别是近年来,在饮用水中检测出微塑料,因其对人体健康有一定危害,如可能会作用于人体肠道部位而导致肠道发炎,引起人们的广泛关注。该文介绍了饮用水中微塑料的存在现状以及饮用水厂各工艺对微塑料的去除效率,分析了不同的水处理方法对微塑料去除的贡献,简述了饮用水处理对微塑料的去除效果。对饮用水处理方法及工艺研究发现,各方法对大于10μm的大尺寸微塑料有较好的去除效果,但不能完全去除小于10μm的小尺寸微塑料。因此,将来的研究应更多地放在对小尺寸微塑料的去除上。     

铝镁金属抛光工艺粉尘爆炸事故分析与防护

<正>抛丸、喷丸、喷砂、打磨、抛光等铝镁金属表面处理(简称抛光)工艺是铝镁制品机械加工的重要工序,广泛应用于汽车、摩托车等交通工具,通讯、计算机、消费品(3C)电子产品,日用品和零件制造行业。近几年,我国发生了多起铝镁金属打磨与抛光粉尘爆炸事故,造成了重大人员伤亡和财产损失。2014年8月2日,江苏省昆山市中荣金属制品有限公司抛光车间发生特大粉尘爆炸事故,已造成75人死亡,185人受伤。这次事故是我国历史上人员伤亡最大的工业粉尘爆炸事故。本文通过介绍铝镁金属表面处理工艺及铝镁金属的粉尘爆炸特性,分析近几年铝镁金属打磨与抛光粉尘爆炸事故,提出相关工艺粉尘爆炸防护方法。     

Removal of 17β-estradiol in laccase catalyzed treatment processes

The removal of 17β-estradiol （E2） in laccase catalyzed oxidative coupling processes was systematically studied in this work. We focused on the influence of pH and natural organic matter （NOM） on the performance of the enzymatic treatment processes. It was found that the optimal pH for E2 removal was between 4 and 6. The removal of E2 was slightly inhibited in the presence of NOM. Enzymatic transformation of E2 was second-order in kinetics with first-order to both the concentrations of the enzyme and contaminant. Mass spectrum （MS） analysis suggested that coupling products were formed through radical-radical coupling mechanism. The results of this study demonstrated that laccase catalyzed oxidative coupling process could potentially serve as a treatment strategy to control steroid estrogens.     

餐厨垃圾渣蝇蛆转化工艺设备及处理效果中试研究

餐厨垃圾经三相分离机分离得到的浆渣(简称餐厨垃圾渣)是一种有酸腐恶臭、水分含量高、外观呈泥状的有机废物。采用家蝇幼虫(蝇蛆)并结合机械化运行可高效快捷地将其转化成高附加值的动物蛋白(蝇蛆)和优质有机肥(残料)。该蝇蛆处理中试生产线由进料布料系统、蝇蛆培养系统、虫料分离系统以及保温除臭除湿系统构成,单批次可处理500 kg餐厨垃圾渣。每批次处理仅需4 d左右,鲜幼虫产率为17.4%;且残料变成外观相对干燥、蓬松无臭,类似草炭样的优质有机肥,其产率为23.6%。按目前市场价格,处理1 t进入餐厨垃圾处理厂的原始垃圾可产生280~320元的收益,具有良好的应用前景。