电化学法消毒处理医院污水的试验研究

采用电化学法消毒处理医院污水,通过选用不同阳极材料构建的电化学体系,探讨电化学法的消毒机理.试验表明,以涂有贵金属(钌、铂和铱)氧化物的钛板作阳极,不锈钢板作阴极,在电流密度为8 mA/cm2、水力停留时间为15 min、空气流量为40L/h、极水比为1.0的试验条件下,消毒后污水中总大肠菌群数＜500 cfu/L,达到国家一级排放标准(GB8978-1996).     

水中粪大肠菌群测定方法的比较研究分析——酶底物法与多管发酵法

用酶底物法与多管发酵法分别检测地表水和污水同组样品。应用t-检验：成对双样本均值分析的统计方法比较两种检测手段测定结果的相关性。结果表明,酶底物法与多管发酵法用于水中粪大肠菌群检测,测定结果具有强相关性,但统计学意义上有差异。在置信度95%时此差异能被接受。酶底物法操作简便、快速、结果稳定,满足环境监测技术要求,可用以评价水质微生物污染程度。     

略论粪大肠菌群及其多管发酵法检测研究

水的细菌学测定特别是肠道细菌的检验,在环境影响评价、环境卫生监督等方面具有重要意义,粪大肠菌群是水质特别是饮用水重要检测指标,其多管发酵检测法是国家及行业标准方法,在实践中对一些需要引起重视的环节要加以重视,以提高检测的精确度。     

Inactivation, reactivation and regrowth of indigenous bacteria in reclaimed water after chlorine disinfection of a municipal wastewater treatment plant

Disinfection of reclaimed water prior to reuse is important to prevent the transmission of pathogens. Chlorine is a widely utilized disinfectant and as such is a leading contender for disinfection of reclaimed water. To understand the risks of chlorination resulting from the potential selection of pathogenic bacteria, the inactivation, reactivation and regrowth rates of indigenous bacteria were investigated in reclaimed water after chlorine disinfection. Inactivation of total coliforms, Enterococcus and Salmonella showed linear correlations, with constants of 0.1384, 0.1624 and 0.057 L/(mg·min) and R² of 0.7617, 0.8316 and 0.845, respectively. However, inactivation of total viable cells by measurement of metabolic activity typically showed a linear correlation at lower chlorine dose (0-22 (mg·min)/L), and a trailing region with chlorine dose increasing from 22 to 69 (mg·min)/L. Reactivation and regrowth of bacteria were most likely to occur after exposure to lower chlorine doses, and extents of reactivation decreased gradually with increasing chlorine dose. In contrast to total coliforms and Enterococcus, Salmonella had a high level of regrowth and reactivation, and still had 2% regrowth even after chlorination of 69 (mg·min)/L and 24 hr storage. The bacterial compositions were also significantly altered by chlorination and storage of reclaimed water, and the ratio of Salmonella was significantly increased from 0.001% to 0.045% after chlorination of 69 (mg·min)/L and 24 hr storage. These trends indicated that chlorination contributes to the selection of chlorine-resistant pathogenic bacteria, and regrowth of pathogenic bacteria after chlorination in reclaimed water with a long retention time could threaten public health security during wastewater reuse.     

水中粪大肠菌群结果不确定度的评定

依据国家标准和测量不确定度的评定方法,评定水中粪大肠菌群的不确定度.认为不确定度的主要来源为样品保存条件、培养条件、人员操作和判定计数等.通过对地表水和海水样品粪大肠菌群操作过程中的不确定度进行分量计算,建立一种简单的水中粪大肠菌群多管发酵法不确定度评定方法.     

河水紫外线消毒的研究

本文对河水紫外线消毒进行了研究，得到了水的浊度，水层厚度以及辐射时间与总大肠菌群存活率之间的相关关系，试验结果表明，当浊度≤１２度，水层厚度≤７２ｍｍ辐射时间为５分钟时，消毒后出水中的总大肠菌群数≤３个／Ｌ，并且电耗为０．２９ｋｗ／ｍ＾３，该试验结果可作为工程设计的依据。     

关于饮水机水细菌污染及使用若干问题探讨

为了解冷热两用饮水机所供水的细菌污染情况，对新出厂的饮用纯净水、饮水机中冷水、未沸水和沸水、桶中水等不同水样中细菌总数和大肠菌群分别进行了检测分析。结果表明，未沸水灭菌情况不稳定，沸水灭菌效果很好；随时间推移，纯净水中的细菌总数呈递增趋势，并且增长速度较快，其污染源主要来自空气和饮水机本身，特别是饮水机内胆的污染不容忽视。所有水样中均未检出大肠菌群。     

畜禽养殖场排放物病原微生物危险性调查

以粪大肠菌群和沙门菌为指标,采集江苏省内10家不同养殖类型畜禽养殖场的排放物及其周边水、土样共37个进行观察与计数,同时分析排放污水中大肠杆菌的耐药性以及禽畜排泄物对土壤和水体耐药细菌数的影响.结果表明:调查的10家养殖场中有9家粪便未经无害化处理直接排放到水体或施于农田,且排放物的粪大肠菌群数全部严重超标,沙门菌检出率达19%,施新鲜粪肥的土壤中粪大肠菌群数(MPN,最大可能数)在105 g-1以上,水体中分离出的大肠杆菌表现出多重耐药性,抗生素抗性细菌总数也远高于未施新鲜粪肥的土壤及水体.     

从大肠菌群的平板分离中检测致病菌

本文论述了大肠菌群平板分离时,对一些不具大肠菌特征的菌落进行鉴定分析的结果,首次阐明了沿伸检测致病菌的可能性。