氧化沟工艺污水处理厂的调试运行

以安徽某县污水处理厂的改良氧化沟工艺调试为例,采用自然培菌和间歇培养相接合的方式进行调试,结果表明方法可行。在进水COD100mg/L时,MLSS在1500mg/L时,出水COD、NH4-N均可取得较好的处理效果。同时对调试过程中的各环节如人员培训、带负荷试车、污泥培养等进行了详细阐述,并确定了各工艺段的控制参数。     

Effects of metal and acidic sites on the reaction by-products of butyl acetate oxidation over palladium-based catalysts

Catalytic oxidation is widely used in pollution control technology to remove volatile organic compounds. In this study, Pd/ZSM-5 catalysts with different Pd contents and acidic sites were prepared via the impregnation method. All the catalysts were characterized by means of N2 adsorption- desorption, X-ray fluorescence （XRF）, HE temperature programmed reduction （H2-TPR）, and NH3 temperature programmed desorption （NH3-TPD）. Their catalytic performance was investigated in the oxidation of butyl acetate experiments. The by-products of the reaction were collected in thermal desorption tubes and identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. It was found that the increase of Pd content slightly changed the catalytic activity of butyl acetate oxidation according to the yield of CO2 achieved at 90%, but decreased the cracking by-products, whereas the enhancement of strong acidity over Pd-based catalysts enriched the by-product species. The butyl acetate oxidation process involves a series of reaction steps including protolysis, dehydrogenation, dehydration, cracking, and isomerization. Generally, butyl acetate was cracked to acetic acid and 2- methylpropene and the latter was an intermediate of the other by-products, and the oxidation routes of typical by-products were proposed. Trace amounts of 3-methylpentane, hexane, 2-methylpentane, pentane, and 2-methylbutane originated from iso4merization and protolysis reactions.     

Genotoxicity removal of reclaimed water during ozonation

Genotoxicity in wastewater and reclaimed water now is gaining increased attention because of genotoxins' potential damage to the ecosystem and human health. The effect of ozonation on genotoxicity in reclaimed water was investigated. It was found that ozonation decreased the genotoxicy dramatically in three tertiary treatment plants. In the further batch ozonation experiment in laboratory,secondary effluent sample used exhibited the genotoxicity of(41.1 ± 4.1) μg 4NQO/L. Ozonation with a dose of 10 mg O3/L completely removed the genotoxicity in secondary effluent. However,after ozonation, the dissolved organic carbonvalue of the sample didn't change much but the specific ultraviolet absorbance(SUVA) value dropped sharply. With the help of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ozonation was found to change chemical aliphatic carbon and C–O of the dissolved arganic matter, which might be the reason of the significant decreases of SUVA and genotoxicity.     

化工废水的超临界水氧化研究

在超临界条件下,管式反应器中超临界水的各种参数是很难获得的。本文在管式反应器中,以空气作为氧化剂,以实际化工废水作为研究对象,开发设计了一套大型中试超临界水氧化(SCWO)系统,并将所有的反应过程都控制在623.2~793.2K和24MPa的条件下,对此套连续化SCWO中试设备对实际化工废水的处理效果进行了试验研究。试验结果表明:随着反应温度和停留时间的增加,COD的去除率明显升高;通过比较进、出水组分的GC-MS图谱可以看出,原水中存在15种主要难降解有机污染物,包括杂环化合物和多环胺类等,但在出水中仅发现一种有机污染物存在,且其浓度也仅仅约为初始浓度的10%。此外,还对整个SCWO系统的能量衡算进行了分析并得到了能量自平衡的曲面图,结果显示当化工废水的COD浓度在183~437g/L且流速控制在20.83~104.17kg/h的条件下,整个系统即能达到自平衡状态。     

水氧化法降解高浓度食品废水中COD的实验研究

本文采用超临界水氧化法处理高浓度的食品废水,研究了不同温度、压力、反应时间等因素对高浓度食品废水降解效果的影响。研究结果表明:反应温度,压力和时间都影响高浓度食品废水COD的降解效果,升高温度、增大压力和延长反应时间都将提高废水的处理效果,在相同的反应时间下温度对处理效果的影响要大于反应压力。     

DOC/CCRT老化对柴油公交车气态物排放特性的影响

基于重型底盘测功机,研究新鲜及老化氧化型催化器(DOC)、氧化型催化器耦合催化型颗粒捕集器(DOC+CDPF,CCRT)对在用国Ⅲ柴油公交车进行中国典型城市公交车循环CCBC时一氧化碳(CO)、总碳氢化合物(THC)、一氧化氮(NO)、二氧化氮(NO_2)和氮氧化物(NO_x)、二氧化碳(CO_2)等气态物排放特性的影响.结果表明:采用新鲜及老化DOC/CCRT,均可以降低CO、THC、NO排放,增加NO_2排放,NO_x及CO_2排放基本不变;在怠速、加速、减速及匀速这4种工况下,新鲜DOC比老化DOC对CO、THC氧化效率好,新鲜CCRT比老化CCRT对THC氧化效率好,但老化CCRT对CO氧化效率更好,新鲜DOC/CCRT比老化DOC/CCRT对NO减少幅度高,对NO_2增加幅度高,但对NO_x排放总量基本无影响.     

稠油污水处理技术研究进展

针对稠油污水来源广、成分复杂、污染物浓度高、油水密度差小、毒性大、可生化性差、处理成本高等问题,梳理了稠油污水的来源、成分、特点及处理难点,总结了稠油污水处理中调质破乳、絮凝/气浮、生物降解、氧化或吸附四级处理技术的进展,对比了各种方法的优缺点。并提出缩短工艺流程、采用物理法与化学法相结合工艺以减少新污染引入,采用靶向氧化技术去除生物毒性、难降解有机物以提高污水可生化性,增强生物处理以提高处理效能等建议,以期为稠油污水绿色、低碳、低成本、高效处理提供借鉴。     

江苏某污水处理厂工程设计

江苏某污水处理厂工程总建设规模8.5万m³/d,分2期建设,其中一期工程4万m3/d,二期工程增加4.5万m³/d。污水处理采用“粗格栅及提升泵房+细格栅及曝气沉砂池+调节池+水解酸化池+AAOA工艺+膜生物反应器(MBR)+臭氧催化氧化工艺”,尾水排放执行GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》准Ⅳ类标准(COD_Cr,NH₃-N,TP分别达到30,1.5,0.3 mg/L),其余执行GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准。     

逆流萃取+臭氧氧化联合工艺处理油基岩屑的效果

为解决页岩气开采过程中产生的油基岩屑的资源化、无害化处理问题,采用逆流萃取+臭氧氧化联合的方法对其进行处理,并分别对逆流萃取、臭氧氧化环节的工艺参数进行了优化。结果表明,在最优条件下,经过处理后的油基岩屑的含油率可由原始的39.42%降低到0.18%,达到了GB 4284-2018中规定的处置要求,处理过程中回收的油分可重新用于配制钻井液。通过对油基岩屑固相的表征,发现其具备臭氧催化氧化催化剂的明显特征,是一种天然的臭氧催化氧化催化剂,并从反应动力学角度对臭氧氧化环节的反应特性进行了定量分析。结果表明,其满足一级反应动力学特征,反应活化能为6.194 kJ·mol~(-1)。以逆流萃取+臭氧氧化为核心的联合工艺为油基岩屑的资源化、无害化处理提供了参考。     

畜禽抗生素对植物的生态毒理效应综述

随着畜禽规模化养殖的发展,畜禽抗生素用量不断增加,且随着畜禽粪便扩散到土壤、水体中;植物吸收、积累并转化抗生素,从而对植物生长和生理代谢产生影响。本文综述了畜禽抗生素应用及污染现状,详述了近年来四环素类、磺胺类和喹诺酮类等畜禽抗生素对大田作物、蔬菜果树、湿地植物、农田杂草、水生植物及藻类的种子萌发、根、叶的形态和生理代谢的生态毒理效应的研究进展,着重综述了畜禽抗生素对这些植物光合作用和抗氧化系统的生态毒理效应的研究进展。以期为污水的植物修复、粮食蔬菜的生物安全以及生态环境安全提供科学依据。