煤矸石制砖余热发电研究

煤矸石是煤炭开采及加工过程中排出的主要固体废弃物,其组成为多种岩石的混合物.煤矸石的生产与煤炭产量分布具有密切联系,中国的煤矸石产生量相当于煤炭产量的10%～1 5%,2007年中国共生产原煤25.2亿吨,同期煤矸石产量约为3亿吨,煤矸石已经是中国目前排放量最大的工业固体废弃物之一.     

降雨对磷基材料修复镉铅污染土壤稳定性的影响研究

通过模拟加速老化实验和土柱淋溶实验，探究降雨对磷基材料修复镉铅污染土壤效果稳定性的影响。结果表明：模拟降雨加速老化对土壤中有效镉含量的影响不显著，但是加速老化12 a后，土壤中有效铅由(2.74±0.35) mg/kg增加到(3.66±0.39) mg/kg(模拟自然降雨)和(3.59±0.19) mg/kg(模拟酸雨)。在添加磷基材料的土壤中，模拟降雨加速老化后，镉和铅有效性变化不显著。在土柱淋溶实验体系中，模拟4个月降雨当量的酸雨淋溶后，所有处理组的滤出液镉离子和铅离子始终低于0.1μg/L。对照组的表层(0～5 cm)土壤pH显著低于其他剖面层；不同剖面层土壤的镉、铅有效性和赋存形态变化较小，5～10 cm剖面层土壤的酸可溶态镉比例高于表层土壤。在添加磷基材料F、F700的处理组中，土壤pH、镉和铅的有效性与赋存形态在垂向上大多不存在显著差异，但底层(10～15 cm)土壤的酸可溶态镉和铅比例高于其他剖面层。综上所述，磷基材料能够有效固持土壤中镉和铅，削减降雨对重金属的活化-释放作用。     

调理料添加比例对菇渣基质发酵效果的影响

为探讨废弃蘑菇基料菇渣改性生产有机栽培基质技术,直接采用菇渣为主要原料,以猪粪作为调理料进行好氧发酵,研究猪粪的不同添加比例对菇渣好氧发酵腐熟条件中的温度、挥发性固体(VS)、p H、全氮、全磷、种子发芽指数(GI)的影响。结果表明,猪粪适宜作为菇渣改性生产有机基质的调理料,发酵过程始终维持含水率在65%左右,3个处理高温持续时间均在5 d以上,满足基质无害化卫生标准要求,发酵完成后p H均符合腐熟基质标准,GI均达到60%以上。而猪粪添加量较少时,可以缩短进入高温发酵期的时间,堆体达到的最高温度较高,堆料腐熟较快,且最有利于氮素的保存和全磷的浓缩。综合以上实验结果表明,在菇渣发酵中添加15%的猪粪有利于改善发酵条件,提高堆体的养分含量。     

90t／h循环流化床锅炉经济性与安全性分析

通过对90帆循环流化床锅炉经济性与安全性分析，提出了切合实际的解决办法。对于锅炉优化控制及提高其经济性与安全性具有一定的意义。     

随手一扔,北京西站一年垃圾上万吨

<正>北京西站北广场,一名背靠着墙的男子悠闲地抽完一支香烟。一挥手,烟头划出一道弧线落在地面上。据了解,北京西站的垃圾主要来源于旅客这样的随手一扔。那么,北京西站被旅客随手一扔形成的垃圾主要有什么?有多少?最近,记者带着这些问题进行了采访。北京西站是北京规模最大的交通枢纽,刚开通时只有96列火车,现在乘车高峰期就能达到200多列火车。北京西站客流量相当于北京铁路客流量的50%。每天有数以万计来自全国各地的人聚集到北     

构建三元混合污染物的三维等效图

等效线分析法广泛应用于二元混合物的毒性相互作用评估.然而,如何构建三维等效图以考察三元混合物中发生的毒性相互作用至今没有文献报道.本研究的主要目的即以三元混合物中3个组分的相对浓度为坐标轴建立三维等效图以考察三元混合物的毒性相互作用.以6种目前在中国广泛使用的农药,包括3种除草剂(2,4-D、敌草净、西草净)和3种杀虫剂(乐果、吡虫啉、残杀威)为混合物组分,采用均匀设计射线法(UD-Ray)分别对三元除草剂和三元杀虫剂混合物中各组分浓度分布进行优化设计,以全面表征实际混合物的浓度多样性.通过费氏弧菌微板毒性分析法测定农药及其三元混合物在不同浓度下的发光抑制毒性,以浓度加和(CA)模型为加和参考模型,建立三维等效图,分析各混合物的毒性相互作用.结果表明,三维等效图能清晰、直观地反映三元混合物的毒性相互作用信息,开拓等效分析法在三元混合物毒性分析中的应用.     

科技期刊常用量的符号、名称及释义

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Experimental study of NO2 reduction in N2/Ar and O2/Ar mixtures by pulsed corona discharge

Non-thermal plasma technology has been regarded as a promising alternative technology for NOx removal. The understanding of NO2 reduction characteristics is extremely important since NO2 reduction could lower the total NO oxidation rate in the plasma atmosphere. In this study, NO2 reduction was experimentally investigated using a non-thermal plasma reactor driven by a pulsed power supply for different simulated gas compositions and operating parameters. The NO2 reduction was promoted by increasing the specific energy density （SED）, and the highest conversion rates were 33.7%, 42.1% and 25.7% for Ar, N2/Ar and O2/Ar, respectively. For a given SED, the NO2 conversion rate had the order N2/Ar 〉 Ar 〉 02/Ar. The highest energy yield of 3.31 g/kWh was obtained in N2/Ar plasma and decreased with increasing SED; the same trends were also found in the other two gas compositions. The conversion rate decreased with increasing initial NO2 concentration. Furthermore, the presence of N2 or O2 led to different reaction pathways for NO2 conversion due to the formation of different dominating reactive radicals.     

Gas separation using porous cement membrane

Gas separation is a key issue in various industrial fields. Hydrogen has the potential for application in clean fuel technologies. Therefore, the separation and purification of hydrogen is an important research subject. CO2 capture and storage have important roles in ＂green chemistry＂. As an effective clean technology, gas separation using inorganic membranes has attracted much attention in the last several decades. Membrane processes have many applications in the field of gas separation. Cement is one type of inorganic material, with the advantages of a lower cost and a longer lifespan. An experimental setup has been created and improved to measure twenty different cement membranes. The purpose of this work was to investigate the influence of gas molecule properties on the material transport and to explore the influence of operating conditions and membrane composition on separation efficiency. The influences of the above parameters are determined, the best conditions and membrane type are found, it is shown that cementitious material has the ability to separate gas mixtures, and the gas transport mechanism is studied.