流量对室内管网水力工况的影响性分析

随着供热管网建设规模的不断扩大,水力失调问题越来越严重,不仅严重影响了供热质量,而且大大加大了供热成本,造成了能源的极大浪费。本文通过实例计算,分析了实际运行管理中,不同流量下的室内温度失调情况,许对其进行了比较,以期指导实际运行。     

Monitoring of non-point source pollutants load from a mixed forest land use

The aim of this study was to determine the unit load of NPS (non-point source) pollutants including organic variables such as BOD (biochemical oxygen demand),COD (chemical oxygen demand) and DOC (dissolved organic carbon),nitrogen and phosphorus constituents,and suspended solids (SS) and their event mean concentration (EMC) of runoff flows from a water-shed of mixed forest land use by intensive field experiments.Field monitoring for continuous measurements of rainfall,flow,and water quality was conducted over 12 storm events during 2008–2009 using automated and manual sampling methods.The EMCs of individual runoff event were estimated for each water quality constituent based on the flow rate and concentration data of runoff discharge.The average EMCs of BOD,COD,DOC,SS,TN (total nitrogen),NH 4+ -N,NO 3- -N,TP (total phosphorus),PO 43- -P from the mixed forest land were 1.794,3.498,1.462,10.269,0.862,0.044,0.634,0.034,and 0.005 mg/L,respectively.The annual unit loads of BOD,COD,DOC,SS,TN,NH 4+ -N,NO 3- -N,TP and PO 43--P were estimated as 66.9,133.2,55.5,429.8,36.5,1.6,26.9,1.3 and 0.1 kg/(ha·yr),respectively.In addition,affecting parameters on the EMCs were investigated by statistic analysis of the field data.As a result,significant correlations with precipitation,rainfall intensity,and total runoff flows were found in most constituents.     

Water-saving irrigation of paddy field to reduce nutrient runoff

The purpose of this work is to study the effect of a type of water-saving irrigation (WSI) on nutrient runo of paddy field. The volume of surface drainage was maintained low by WSI. In particular, WSI e ectively reduced surface drainage in rain events. Model simulation indicated that net runo load of total nitrogen (TN) from the paddy field was increased by WSI. Meanwhile, net runo loads of total phosphorus (TP) and total organic carbon (TOC) from the paddy field was decreased by WSI. Because ponding waters of the study fields were enriched with TP and TOC, WSI reduced runo of these nutrients by controlling the volume of surface drainage. WSI could be considered an e cient method for reducing runo loads and could conserve water quality in an agricultural watershed.     

Parameter determination to calculate water environmental capacity in Zhangweinan Canal Sub-basin in China

Zhangweinan canal sub-basin (ZWN) has the most serious water resource shortage and water pollution problems in north of China. To calculate the water environmental capacity in ZWN, determination methods for design flow rates and degradation coeffcients were discussed in this study. Results showed that 90% and 50% hydrological guarantee flow rates were suitable to be the design flow rates for rainy and dry seasons, respectively. Degradation coeffcients of COD_Mn and NH₃-N were 0.25 day⁻¹ and 0.15 day⁻¹ for branch streams and 0.5 day⁻¹ and 0.25 day⁻¹ for mainstreams, respectively in ZWN. With one-dimensional water quality simulation model, water environmental capacities were calculated to be 82,139 tons/yr for COD_Mn and 2394 tons/yr for NH₃-N in ZWN.     

港湾快速城市化地区河流水质主控因子识别及调控方案

识别快速城市化地区的河流污染的主控因子,对于科学实施河流污染防治调控及实现区域经济又好又快发展具有积极意义。运用流量校准浓度分析法、多元逐步回归分析相结合的方法识别连云港港湾快速城市化地区影响水质变化的主控因子,可准确把握该类区域河流污染趋势及主导原因,进而提出相应的优选调控方案。     

集中供热的节能措施及效益分析

本文针对多个小型燃油锅炉房改成大型燃煤锅炉房后采取的节能措施进行了应用分析。包括：对一次高温供热管网进行流量调节、控制;对鼓、引风机、循环泵采用变频调速技术：供热系统安装微机监控系统;二次网循环泵进行叶轮切割等。     

采用大流量泡沫炮扑救大型储罐全面积火灾的探讨

简要分析了大型储罐全面积火灾着火面积大、热辐射强、易复燃、破坏力强等特点,指出了这类火灾的主要扑救难点是远距离作战、消防物资消耗大、战术要求高等。从泡沫液最低流量、泡沫液喷射方式和泡沫液选型3方面提出了用于扑救大型储罐全面积火灾的大流量泡沫炮的要求,指出泡沫炮的最小流量应不低于20000L/min,利用蛋白泡沫液采用集中喷射方式进行灭火。     

2009年非点源污染研究进展综述

Mishra和Deng(2009)研究了美国路易斯安那州亚米特河沉积物TMDL,计算方法包括4部分:(1)建立了1个新的一维粘性泥沙传输模型,(2)由流域侵蚀程度评估沉积物负荷量,(3)河水流量计算,(4)计算亚米特河沉积物日最     

On-road pollutant emission and fuel consumption characteristics of buses in Beijing

On-road emission and fuel consumption (FC) levels for Euro III and IV buses fueled on diesel and compressed natural gas (CNG) were compared, and emission and FC characteristics of buses were analyzed based on approximately 28,700 groups of instantaneous data obtained in Beijing using a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS). The experimental results revealed that NOx and PM emissions from CNG buses were decreased by 72.0% and 82.3% respectively, compared with Euro IV diesel buses. Similarly, these emissions were reduced by 75.2% and 96.3% respectively, compared with Euro III diesel buses. In addition, CO2, CO, HC, NOx, PM emissions and FC of Euro IV diesel buses were reduced by 26.4%, 75.2%, 73.6%, 11.4%, 79.1%, and 26.0%, respectively, relative to Euro III diesel buses. The CO2, CO, HC, NOx, PM emissions and FC factors all decreased with bus speed increased, while increased as bus acceleration increased. At the same time, the emission/FC rates as well as the emission/FC factors exhibited a strong positive correlation with the vehicle specific power (VSP). They all were the lowest when VSP < 0, and then rapidly increased as VSP increased. Furthermore, both the emission/FC rates and emission/FC factors were the highest at accelerations, higher at cruise speeds, and the lowest at decelerations for non-idling buses. These results can provide a base reference to further estimate bus emission and FC inventories in Beijing.     

A2/O流量分配处理低C/N污水性能与微生物结构

针对现有城市污水处理厂进水碳源不足的问题,通过建立多段进水改良A~2/O中试反应器处理低C/N(C/N 5)城市污水,以研究多段进水对其脱氮除磷性能和微生物种群结构变化的影响.结果表明,与传统厌氧段进水的模式相比,多段进水优化了进水碳源在厌氧段和缺氧段中的分布,从而提高了系统的反硝化脱氮和反硝化除磷性能; Q预缺∶Q厌∶Q缺=0. 1∶0. 2∶0. 3(阶段Ⅳ)为系统的最佳工况,此时出水COD、NH4+-N、TN和TP的平均浓度分别为30. 10、1. 85、9. 41和0. 71 mg·L-1,去除率分别为89. 41%、95. 30%、83. 00%和90. 09%;在120d的试验过程中,系统均未出现丝状菌膨胀现象,曝气池活性污泥沉降性能良好,好氧池活性污泥SVI随着缺氧段进水比例的增加而降低,至阶段Ⅴ达到最佳状态,此时的SVI和VSS/TSS分别为112. 09 m L·g-1和0. 84;通过对各阶段好氧区活性污泥16S rRNA基因测序数据的梳理,发现系统较好的脱氮除磷和污泥沉降性能分别与6类异养型菌属、4类反硝化菌属、5类聚磷菌属和2类菌胶团菌属的富集,3类丝状菌的淘汰密切相关.