环己烷氧化副产物的综合利用

叙述了环己烷氧化时的副产物－轻质油的组成，性质，以及从中回收正戊醇和氧化环己烯的工业方法，介绍了这2种回收产品的应用及市场前景。     

环己烷泄漏事故模拟与风险控制措施研究

环己烷具有闪点低、爆炸极限宽等特点,一旦发生泄漏,着火爆炸的危险性随时存在。利用计算流体动力学模拟的方法对工程项目中环己烷的泄漏事故进行模拟及风险分析,建立环己酮生产装置的全尺寸三维模型并进行仿真计算,模拟了不同泄漏场景所形成的环己烷可燃气体云团瞬态发展过程及影响范围,并对建构筑物的布局对可燃气体云团的扩散行为的影响进行研究。研究结果表明,通过优化建构筑物布局,可有效降低该装置环己烷的燃爆风险,为企业相关装置的总图布置及环己烷泄漏的安全监控和应急响应提供有价值的参考数据。     

Distribution and health risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides （OCPs） in industrial site soils： A case study of urban renewal in Beijing, China

A field survey was conducted in a contaminated industrial site of southern Beijing,China to investigate the contents and distribution of the organochlorine pesticides(α-,β-,γ-,δ-HCH,p,p-DDT,p,p-DDE,p,p-DDD and o,p-DDT) in the profiles of soil,and a health risk assessment was carried out with CalTOX multimedia exposure model.Results showed that mean concentrations of total hexachlorocyclohexane isomers(HCHs) and total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane isomers(DDXs) in soils were in the range of 13.20-148.71 mg...     

环烷烃／海水界面张力的研究

作者已用滴体积法首次比较系统地测定了环已烷、环戊烷、甲基环已烷与海水的界面张力在不同温度（１６￣３６℃）和不同的海水盐度（０￣４０）时之值，测定值相对误差约在０．５％以内。结果表明，在海水盐度恒定时，所研究的环烷烃／海水界面张力的温度系数为负值，而甲基环已烷／海水界面张力的温度系数为正值，这一异常现象有待今后作进一步理论探讨。环已烷、环戊烷与海水界面张力的盐度系数为正值，而甲基环已烷／海面水界面张     

Analysis of α, β, γ-hexachlorocyclohexanes in water by novel activated carbon fiber-solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography--mass spectrometry

A fast and simple method for determination of α, β,γ-hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) in water using activated carbon fibersolid phase microextraction(ACF-SPME) were studied. Results showed the performance of adsorption and desorption of three HCHs on ACF were excellent. A wide linear range from 10 to 100 μg/L and detection limits of the ng/L level were obtained using ACF-SPME with GC-MS in selected ion monitoring(SIM) acquisition mode. The proposed method was also successfully applied for determination of three HCHs in tap water. Compared to commercial fibers, ACF showed some advantages such as better resistance to solvents, higher thermal stability, longer lifetime and lower cost. The data demonstrated that GC-MS with ACF-SPME is well suitable for the analysis of HCHs in water.     

四溴乙基环己烷(TBECH)立体异构体的分析方法与环境行为及毒性效应研究进展

1,2-二溴-4-（1,2-二溴乙基）-环己烷,又名TBECH（tetrabromoethylcyclohexane,四溴乙基环己烷）,是一种添加型的新型溴代阻燃剂.TBECH的立体结构复杂,具有4个异构体,每个异构体又均含有一对对映体.随着传统溴代阻燃剂的禁止生产或限制使用,TBECH作为替代品之一被广泛用于建筑业、纺织业和电子等各行业.TBECH具有长距离迁移性、生物累积性和潜在毒性,被认为是一种可能的持久性有机污染物.通过对TBECH立体异构体的分析方法、环境行为和毒性效应研究的最新进展进行综述发现,TBECH的检测通常采用气相色谱质谱联用法,但仅集中于对环境样品中TBECH非对映异构体的分离分析,对映体水平的检测将成为未来TBECH立体异构体分析的发展方向.TBECH已在大气、水体、沉积物、土壤等环境介质和生物体中被陆续检出,并对生物体产生内分泌干扰、生殖发育等毒性效应,其各立体异构体具有特异的环境行为,表现出选择性的生物累积、转化和毒性效应.鉴于目前TBECH环境行为的研究主要关注水生生态系统,而从立体异构体水平出发的研究还很欠缺,建议今后加强对陆生生态系统中TBECH污染状况、分布特征以及环境行为的研究,进一步从异构体和对映体水平深入探讨TBECH的环境过程和生物效应,全面认识环境中TBECH的迁移转化规律及最终归趋.      

Levels, distributions, and source identification of organochlorine pesticides in the topsoils in Northeastern China

Seventeen topsoil samples (9 urban, 4 suburban, 3 rural and 1 background) were collected in/around Harbin, a typical city in northeast of China, to measure concentration levels of organocholrine pesticides (OCPs) in topsoil of Northeastern China in 2006. Hexachlorohexanes (HCH), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were detected in soil samples with mean concentrations (in pg/g dry weight (dw)) of 7120, 5425, and 1039, respectively. The mean concentrations for other OCPs were very low, 4.8 pg/g dw for chlordane and 3.3 pg/g dw for endosulfan. Source identification analysis reveals that all OCPs found in soil samples were due to historical use of these chemicals or from other source regions through long- and short-range atmospheric transport. DDT was mainly used in the rural sites, whereas the sources of HCB, chlordane and endosulfan were mainly in the urban area. HCH was found almost equally in both urban and rural area. Soil concentrations of all detected OCPs, except HCHs, in and around Harbin were much lower than those in the southeast of China, which is expected since the use of these OCPs in the former was much lower than that in the latter, however higher HCH concentrations in and around Harbin than those found in most places of the Southeast China is not expected. It is suggested that high HCH concentration in soil of Northeast China was most likely due to long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) from Southeast China and the cold condensation process.     

LHG1菌株的分离和降解环己烷的研究

通过选择性培养从石油废水污染的土壤中分离出一株以环己烷为唯一碳源和能源的降解菌株 Ｌ Ｈ Ｇ１ ,对 Ｌ Ｈ Ｇ１ 菌株的降解特性进行了研究．确定 Ｌ Ｈ Ｇ１ 菌株最适培养条件为：培养时间６０ ～１００ ｈ 、环己烷浓度４６０ ～７７０ ｍｇ／ Ｌ、ｐ Ｈ６ ～８ 、ρ（ Ｎａ Ｃｌ） ＝ １０ ｇ Ｌ－ １ 、θ＝ ２５ ～４０ ℃． Ｌ Ｈ Ｇ１ 菌株能够利用环烷烃代谢的中间产物环己酮和环戊酮．此外, Ｌ Ｈ Ｇ１ 菌株还能降解液体石蜡、固体石蜡、萘和苯酚等链烃、芳香烃和酚类     

三种低分子量有机酸对红壤中HCHs释放行为的影响

采用自行设计的动力学试验装置,研究了3种低分子量有机酸(草酸、酒石酸和柠檬酸)和水对红壤中六氯环己烷(HCHs)的释放动力学行为.结果表明,10mmol/L的低分子量有机酸溶液可使HCHs的释放百分率增加7%～25%,特别在淋洗液的前200mL更为明显.水对HCHs的释放动力学数据用表观一级动力学方程拟合较好,有机酸对HCHs的释放行为更符合抛物线方程、Elovich方程或双常数方程,说明低分子量有机酸的存在使HCHs的释放机理复杂化,推测与有机酸对矿物的溶解、对矿物表面固有有机质结构的干扰有关.     

Photocatalytic remediation of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane contaminated soils using TiO2 and montmorillonite composite photocatalyst

TiO2 and montmorillonite composite photocatalysts were prepared and applied in degrading γ-hexachlorocyclohexane （γ-HCH） in soils. After being spiked with γ-HCH, soil samples loaded with the composite photocatalysts were exposed to UV-light irradiation. The results indicated that the photocatalytic activities of the composite photocatalysts varied with the content of TiO2 in the order of 10%〈70%〈50% 〈30%, Moreover, the photocatalytic activity of the composite photocatalysts with TiO2 content 30% was higher than that of the pure P25 with the same mass of TiO2. The strong adsorption capacity of the composite photocatalysts and quantum size effect may contribute to its increased photocatalytic activities. In addition, effect of dosage of composite photocatalysts and soil pH on γ-HCH photodegradation was investigated. Pentachlorocyclohexene, trichlorocyclohexene, and dichlorobenzene were detected as photodegradation intermediates, which were gradually degraded with the photodegradation evolution.