总大肠菌群平板培养法

对总大肠菌群的测定方法提出改进 ,并对改进方法———平板培养法和国家标准方法(多管发酵法)进行比较 ,结果显示 ,平板培养法是非常可靠的。     

几种杀菌剂清除马栏河污水中有害菌群的试验观察

重点选择了四种具有一定杀菌作用的制剂材料 ,考查了它们各自的杀菌效果以及将它们复配后的杀菌效果 ,通过大量实验证明 ,其中某些杀菌剂复配后比单一使用时杀菌效果好 ,其中复配杀菌剂 660 1 ,在浓度为 2 0 / mg· L- 1时 ,杀菌率达 99.99% ,大肠菌群数由 1 .2× 1 0 8CFU/ L下降到 1 .0× 1 0 4CFU/ L。这一结果为清除污水中有害菌群的研究提供了有效的方法 ,同时为研制复配型杀菌剂指出了方向     

浑河（抚顺段）水质粪大肠菌群污染现状研究

近年来，随着城市垃圾、生活污水、工业废水、人畜粪便和医院废水等的不合理排放，导致浑河（抚顺段）水质受到严重污染。粪大肠菌群（Fecal Coliform）是检验水质污染的一个重要生物指标，主要来源于人和混血动物的粪便，对水域进行粪大肠菌群的检测并结合理化分析，可以准确定出水体污染的性质和程度，从而可为水体的污染状况和程度的评估提供科学的依据。本文以粪大肠菌群作为水质粪便污染指标，于2005年监测了浑河（抚顺段）水体粪便污染情况，同时监测了水质COD值。其结果表明，浑河（抚顺段）水体粪便污染严重，粪大肠菌群与COD呈现良好的相关关系。     

Isolation and characterization of ferrous- and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria from Tengchong solfataric region, China

Microbial oxidation and reduction of iron and sulfur are important parts of biogeochemical cycles in acidic environments such as geothermal solfataric regions. Species of Acidithiobacillus and Leptospirillum are the common ferrous-iron and sulfur oxidizers from such environments. This study focused on the Tengchong sofataric region, located in Yunnan Province, Southwest China. Based on cultivation, 9 strains that grow on ferrous-iron and sulfuric compounds were obtained. Analysis of 16S rRNA genes of the 9 strains indicated that they were a liated to Acidithiobacillus, Alicyclobacillus, Sulfobacillus, Leptospirillum and Acidiphilium. Physiological and phylogenetic studies indicated that two strains (TC-34 and TC-71) might represent two novel members of Alicyclobacillus. Strain TC-34 and TC-71 showed 94.8%–97.1% 16S rRNA gene identities to other species of Alicyclobacillus. Di erent from the previously described Alicyclobacillus species, strains TC-34 and TC-71 were mesophilic and their cellular fatty acids do not contain !-cyclic fatty acids. Strain TC-71 was obligately dependent on ferrous-iron for growth. It was concluded that the ferrous-iron oxidizers were diversified and Alicyclobacillus species were proposed to take part in biochemical geocycling of iron in the Tengchong solfataric region.     

Environmental factors influencing the distribution of total and fecal coliform bacteria in six water storage reservoirs in the Pearl River Delta Region, China

The Pearl River Delta (PRD) is one of the most developed and densely populated regions in China. Quantifying the amount of pathogens in the source of drinking water is important for improving water quality. We collected water samples from six major water storage reservoirs in the PRD region in both wet and dry seasons in 2006. Results showed that external environmental factors, such as precipitation, location, as well as the internal environmental factors, i.e., physicochemical properties of the water, were closely related with the distribution of coliforms. Seasonally, the coliform bacterial concentrations in wet season were one to two orders of magnitude greater than those in dry season. Spatially, coliform bacterial levels in reservoirs near urban and industrial areas were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those in remote areas. Correlation analyses showed that the levels of coliforms had close relationships with pH, temperature, suspended solid, organic and inorganic nutrients in water. Principal components analysis further demonstrated that total coliforms in the reservoirs were closely related with water physicochemical properties, while fecal coliforms were more associated with external input brought in by seasonal runo .     

沼液贮存及田间施用后大肠菌群的消长动态

以猪场粪污水厌氧发酵产生的沼液为材料,分别在冬春季和夏秋季对其采用加盖和无盖2种方式贮存,定期检测沼液中大肠菌群数量;通过田间生菜种植试验,定期施用大肠菌群数量(以下均以CFU计)分别为104(WF)、105(LF)、106(MF)和107g-1(HF)的沼液,在沼液施用完毕后第3、10、17和24天检测土壤、生菜表面和生菜体内大肠菌群数量。结果表明:夏秋季大肠菌群存活时间较长,沼液无盖贮存可使大肠菌群数量减少。沼液贮存50 d后,除冬春季无盖贮存的沼液中大肠菌群数量达到GB 8978—2002《污水综合排放标准》中三级排放要求,可以排放以外,其他处理均未达到排放要求。沼液中大肠菌群数量越高,经农田施用后土壤中大肠菌群数量越多,生菜表面和体内大肠菌群数量也越高,但随时间延长大肠菌群数量变化略有不同。检测期内,WF处理农田土壤中大肠菌群数量显著低于其他处理;沼液施毕后第3天,WF处理生菜表面及体内大肠菌群数量均显著小于HF和MF处理;24 d时各处理生菜体内大肠菌群数量均检测不到,达到GB 4789.3—2010《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验大肠菌群计数》要求,生菜表面大肠菌群数量对数值小于3.51,但未达GB 4789.3—2010要求。     

多管发酵法与纸片法检测湖水中总大肠菌群的比较

采用多管发酵法和纸片法同步检测了江苏金坛某湖水的大肠菌群,并用秩和检验对两种方法的检测结果进行比较分析。结果表明:大肠菌群能反映湖水的污染状况;两种方法的检测结果无显著性差异。     

水质标准中指示微生物的发展及现状

饮用水病原微生物污染是公共卫生面临的主要威胁之一,微生物监测在水质监测中的必要性日益受到人们的认可。在实际工作中,一般是通过检测指示微生物间接反映病原微生物的存在。通过调研国内外各组织、机构颁布的水质标准发现,近年来,我国环境质量标准和污染物排放标准中对于指示微生物的选择有从总大肠菌群向粪大肠菌群和大肠埃希氏菌(E.coli)转变的趋势,而美国环保署、欧盟、世界卫生组织、澳大利亚国家健康与医疗研究委员会等根据最新的流行病学证据,强调了大肠埃希氏菌(E.coli)、肠球菌(Enterococci)与粪便污染的相关性更强,可用于替代大肠菌群。建议我国在后续水质标准中对微生物指标进行增补修订时,参考国外经验,形成集成多种指示微生物与多种特定病原体的监测指标体系,以更好地保护环境功能和民众健康。     

多管发酵法与其改进法检测水中粪大肠菌群的比较

粪大肠菌群是水体中粪便污染的重要指示菌,对于评价水质污染程度具有重要的卫生学意义。多管发酵法是传统的粪大肠菌群检测方法,但其步骤繁杂、周期长。目前,已有部分监测及科研人员对其进行了改进,笔者采用改进法与国标多管发酵法进行比较验证,认为Ec培养法可完全替代国标多管发酵法,纸片法亦可用于除酸性水样及菌量大的原污水外的其他环境水样中粪大肠菌群的检测。     

影响大肠菌群革兰氏染色的几个因素

无论在地表水环境质量评价还是在医院污水综合排放标准中,大肠菌群都是一项很重要的指标.在对大肠菌群测定过程中,革兰氏染色又是一步很重要的鉴定阶段,革兰氏染色的正确性直接关系到能否正确判断该菌落是不是大肠菌群,而革兰氏染色正是一门难以掌握的最基本的细菌学实验技术.现通过纯培养一株大肠杆菌(Escherchiacoli)并进行多种条件下的革兰氏染色,以观察革兰氏染色受哪些因素影响.