Production of N2O in two biologic nitrogen removal processes: a comparison between conventional and short-cut nitrogen removal processes

The N2O production in two nitrogen removal processes treating domestic wastewater was investigated in laboratory-scale aerobic-anoxic sequencing batch reactors （SBRs）. Results showed that N2O emission happened in the aerobic phase rather than in the anoxic phase. During the aerobic phase, the nitrogen conversion to N2O gas was 27.7% and 36.8% of NH＋-N loss for conventional biologic N-removal process and short-cut biologic N-removal process. The dissolved N2O was reduced to N2 in the anoxic denitrification phase. The N2O production rate increased with the increasing of nitrite concentration and ceased when NH＋-N oxidation was terminated. Higher nitrite accumulation resulted in higher NEO emission in the short-cut nitrogen removal process. Pulse-wise addition of 20 mg NO2 -N. L- 1 gave rise to 3-fold of N2O emission in the conventional N-removal process, while little change happened with 20 mg NOS-N L-1 was added to SBR1.     

N2O emission from a sequencing batch reactor for biological N and P removal from wastewater

Nitrous oxide （N2O） is a greenhouse gas that can be released during biological nitrogen removal from wastewater. N2O emission from a sequencing batch reactor （SBR） for biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater was investigated, and the aims were to examine which process, nitrification or denitrification, would contribute more to N2Oemission and to study the effects of heterotrophic activities on N2O emission during nitrification. The results showed that N2O emission was mainly attributed to nitrification rather than to denitrification. N2O emission during denitrification mainly occurred with stored organic carbon as the electron donor. During nitrification, NaO emission was increased with increasing initial ammonium or nitrite concentrations. The ratio of N2O emission to the removed ammonium nitrogen （N2O- N/NH4-N） was 2.5% in the SBR system with high heterotrophic activities, while this ratio was in the range from 0.14% to 1.06% in batch nitrification experiments with limited heterotrophic activities.     

环境因子对小球藻生长及其CO2固定的影响

通过测定不同SO2、NO以及不同烟尘浓度条件下,小球藻ZY-1的生长速率及其对CO2的固定速率,研究烟气中NO和SO2及烟尘等环境因子对小球藻ZY-1的生长及其CO2固定效果的影响.研究结果表明,烟气中的SO2是以增加培养液中的SO24-浓度及降低pH值的形式来影响ZY-1的生长及其对CO2的固定的.当SO2体积浓度大于50×10-6时,需要进行烟气脱硫或控制培养液pH值变化来消除其影响;烟气中NO的体积浓度不高于300×10-6时,不影响ZY-1的生长及其对CO2的固定,可作为氮源供ZY-1生长用;对经过一般除尘处理的烟气,在利用小球藻ZY-1固定CO2时可不考虑溶解性烟尘的影响.研究结果证明利用小球藻ZY-1固定烟气中的CO2是可行的.     

UV/H2O2氧化微囊藻毒素-LR的动力学模型

介绍了一种UV/H2O2光氧化体系降解微囊藻毒素MC-LR的动力学模型.根据UV光分解、H2O2和·OH氧化MC-LR的反应以及稳态近似法,导出了MC-LR降解的动力学方程.解释了体系中H2O2、HO-2、CO23-、HCO-3等对降解MC-LR动力学的影响.实验结果表明,在一定的光强和H2O2浓度情况下,由于反应产生的CO23-、HCO-3和HO-2等离子的影响,UV/H2O2光氧化MC-LR的过程只能近似用准一级动力学方程描述.     

催化裂化装置硫化氢腐蚀问题及防治对策

阐述了H2S对设备的腐蚀机理,具体分析了催化裂化装置MIP-CGP技术改造后硫分布的新情况,从选材、工艺防腐、表面防腐、焊接质量控制和检测技术等方面提出了防硫化氢腐蚀的对策措施.     

Cu(NO3)2在亚甲蓝湿式氧化处理中的应用

用CWAO技术处理COD为2 000 mg/L的亚甲蓝水溶液.以Cu(NO3)2为催化剂,考察了催化剂投加量、反应温度、压力及进水pH值对亚甲蓝水样COD去除率、脱色率、出水pH值的影响.实验表明,亚甲蓝的氧化效率随催化剂投加量的增加,反应温度及压力的升高而升高.然而,综合考虑亚甲蓝的氧化效率、试剂费用、设备成本及能量消耗,实验确定Cu(NO3)2的投加量以Cu2 计为150 mg/L,反应温度及压力分别为200℃和2.0 MPa.在酸性进水条件下,COD去除率随进水pH值的降低而升高;而在碱性进水条件下,COD去除率随进水pH值的升高而升高.pH值按COD去除率由高到低的排列顺序是:3.87、11.23、5.50、7.25、9.47,实验确定最佳进水pH值是3.87.在以上最佳的操作条件下,反应150 min,水样COD去除率达97.4%,脱色率达99.97%,出水pH值3.63.     

微乳液膜萃取锌

采用油酸／丁醇／碳酸钠水溶液组成的微乳体系对水相中Zn^2＋进行萃取研究,考察了微乳体系组成,水相的pH值、膜水比、搅拌时间等实验参数对萃取率的影响,以及水相中NaCl盐度对微乳体系乳化的影响。实验结果表明：当油酸：丁醇：碳酸钠（1．0mol／L）=5：5：4（体积比）,废水pH值在5．1～5．8之间,膜水比Rrw为1：7,搅拌时间为6min时,Zn^2＋萃取率达99．91％,由初始浓度500mg／L降至0．7mg／L,水相中NaCl含量为1．5g／L时．萃取过程中不存在溶胀现象。用盐酸调节pH值破乳,油相回用,实验结果证明5次回用后液膜萃取效果基本不变。     

差分吸收光谱法(DOAS)与紫外荧光法自动测量空气中SO2的对比

DOAS自动监测系统越来越广泛用于环境空气质量监测中SO2、NO2的监测,将差分吸收光谱法与紫外荧光法自动测量空气中SO2进行对比实验,并对监测结果进行讨论和统计检验,得出两种方法测定空气中的SO2,其监测结果具有较好的相关性、一致性、两者无显著性差异,在今后的监测工作中可用DOAS自动监测系统代替传统的干法点式自动监测系统监测SO2,以降低运行成本,减少仪器维护量,节约经费。     

简青霉Penicillium simplicissimum木质素降解能力

从土壤中分离得到一株真菌经鉴定为简青霉Penicillium simplicissimum,将该菌用于木质素类化合物利用、染料脱色、天然木素降解及产酶特性等研究,充分证实该菌具有木质素降解能力.简青霉降解木质素是木质素过氧化物酶(LiP)、漆酶(Lac)和木聚糖酶共同作用的结果,降解主要发生在LiP与木聚糖酶活高产的初级代谢阶段,与白腐真菌表现出不同的作用机制.25d培养可使稻草木质素绝对量损失0.23g,降解率达14.94%,同时纤维素、半纤维素也有较高程度的降解.而pH值、Cu²⁺和Mn²⁺浓度对木质素的降解有较大影响.     

CeMn氧化物催化剂的制备及其对甲苯的催化降解性能

采用草酸沉淀法合成了铈锰 氧化物（CeMn氧化物）催化剂,在固定床反应器中考察了不同Ce-Mn摩尔比、空速对CeMn 氧化物催化剂催化降解甲苯效果的影响,通过XRD、SEM、XPS等技术表征了催化剂的理化性质。实验结果表明：当n（Ce）∶n（Mn）=1∶3时得到的Ce₁Mn₃催化剂降解甲苯的活性最佳,T₅₀=198 ℃,T₉₀=249 ℃,且Ce₁Mn₃催化剂具有较好的活性稳定性;随着空速的增加,Ce₁Mn₃催化降解甲苯的性能变差。表征结果表明：CeMn氧化物形成的Ce-Mn固溶体使CeMn氧化物表面氧空位浓度增加,加快了氧物种在催化剂内部及表面的流动传输;Ce氧化物与Mn氧化物之间的协同作用使催化剂的还原峰向低温方向偏移,CeMn氧化物展现出更优异的低温活性。