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近年来,在国际恐怖主义形势严峻复杂的背景下,如何实现快速准确检测痕量炸药已成为世界各国和国际组织的迫切需求.尤其在"9·11"恐怖袭击事件后,各国均开始增派警力对爆炸物加强安全检查,从而推动了痕量炸药现场探测技术的快速发展和广泛应用.许多新型敏感材料炸药和灵敏便携的小型现场探测技术工具不断同步涌现.本文重点介绍了当前危... 相似文献
73.
好氧亚硝化颗粒污泥特性的研究 总被引:6,自引:4,他引:2
对在小试曝气上流式污泥床反应器中成功培养出的好氧亚硝化颗粒污泥的特性进行了研究.工艺稳定运行时,亚硝化颗粒污泥的VSS/SS稳定在80%左右,粒径大于1.0 mm的颗粒污泥约占总数的70%,粒径大于0.8 mm的颗粒污泥的湿密度约为1?022 kg/m3.荧光原位杂交结果表明,亚硝化细菌主要分布在颗粒污泥的表层,而硝化细菌则分布在表层之下;最大可能数结果显示,亚硝化工艺稳定运行时亚硝化细菌的数量远多于硝化细菌,甚至可高于硝化细菌4个数量级以上.上述结果表明,硝化细菌(AOB和NOB)以接种的产甲烷颗粒污泥或其碎片为载体,通过在其表层附着生长,最终形成好氧亚硝化颗粒污泥. 相似文献
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Sludge concentration dynamic distribution and its impact on the performance of UNITANK 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
UNITANK is a biological wastewater treatment process that combines the advantages of traditional activated sludge process and sequencing batch reactor, which is divided into Tank A, B and C. In this study, the sludge distribution and its impact on performance of UNITANK were carried out in Liede Wastewater Plant (WWTP) of Guangzhou, China. Results showed that there was a strong affiliation between Tank A and B of the system in sludge concentration distribution. The initial sludge concentration in Tank A could present the sludge distribution of the whole system. The sludge distribution was mainly influenced by hydraulic condition. Unsteady sludge distribution had an impact on variations of substrates in reactors, especially in decisive reactor, and this could lead to failure of system. Settler could partially remove substrates such as COD and NO3-N, but there was adventure of sludge deterioration. The rational initial sludge concentration in Tank A should be 4000-6000 mg/L MLSS. 相似文献
77.
Organic matter and concentrated nitrogen removal by shortcut nitrification
and denitrification from mature municipal landfill leachate 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
An UASB+Anoxic/Oxic (A/O) system was introduced to treat a mature landfill leachate with low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and high ammonia concentration. To make the best use of the biodegradable COD in the leaehate, the denitrifieation of NOx^--N in the reeireulation effluent from the elarifier was carried out in the UASB. The results showed that most biodegradable organic matters were removed by the denitrifieation in the UASB. The NH4^+-N loading rate (ALR) of A/O reactor and operational temperature was 0.28- 0.60 kg NH4^+-N/(m^3-d) and 17-29℃ during experimental period, respectively. The short-cut nitrification with nitrite accumulation efficiency of 90%-99% was stabilized during the whole experiment. The NH4^+-N removal efficiency varied between 90% and 100%. When ALR was less than 0.45 kg NH4^+-N/(m^3.d), the NH4^+-N removal efficiency was more than 98%. With the influent NH4^+-N of 1200-1800 mg/L, the effluent NH4^+-N was less than 15 mg/L. The shortcut nitrification and denitrifieation can save 40% carbon source, with a highly efficient denitrifieation taking place in the UASB. When the ratio of the feed COD to feed NH4^+-N was only 2-3, the total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal efficiency attained 67%-80%. Besides, the sludge samples from A/O reactor were analyzed using FISH. The FISH analysis revealed that ammonia oxidation bacteria (AOB) accounted for 4% of the total eubaeterial population, whereas nitrite oxidation bacteria (NOB) accounted only for 0.2% of the total eubaeterial population. 相似文献
78.
Nutrient addition has been proved to be an effective strategy to enhance oil biodegradation in marine shorelines.To determine the optimal range of nutrient concentrations in the bioremediation of oil-polluted beaches,nitrate was added to the simulated shoreline models in the initial concentration of 1,5 and 10 mg/L.Whenever the NO3-N concentration declined to 70% of its original value, additional nutrients were supplemented to maintain a certain range.Results showed adding nutrients increased the oil biodegradation level,the counts of petroleum degrading bacteria(PDB)and heterotrophic bacteria (HB),and the promoted efficiency varied depending on the concentration of nitrate.Oil degradation level in 5 mg/L(NO_3-N)group reached as much as 84.3% accompanied with the consistently highest counts of PDB;while in 1 mg/L group oil removal efficiency was only 35.2%,and the numbers of PDB and HB were relatively low compared to the other groups supplemented with nutrients.Although counts of HB in the 10 mg/L group were remarkable,lower counts of PDB resulted in poorer oil removal efficiency (70.5%) compared to 5 mg/L group.Furthermore,it would need more NO_3-N(0.371 mg)to degrade 1 mg diesel oil in the 10 mg/L group than in the 5 mg/L group(0.197 mg).In conclusion, Nitrate concentration in 5 mg/L is superior to 1 and 10 mg/L in the enhancement of diesel oil biodegradation in simulated shorelines. 相似文献
79.
红壤稻田系统有机物循环再利用潜力及增产作用 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
10年田间试验结果表明:红墩妥田系统有机养分循环再利用潜力大,水稻收获,年均从稻田系统中输出NPK的总量最大可达到224.7,53.0和271.4kg/hm^2,有机物循环再利用,年均可归N,P,K量最大分别为115.1,35.8和231.5kg/hm^2,占系统输总量的51.2%,67.5%g和85.3%,保持稻田系统内有机物循环再利用可提高系统生产力,在不施化肥的情况下,增产3056kg/hm^2,增施N肥,增产2753kg/hm^2,增施N,P肥,增产1543kg/hm^2;NPK配合,增产984kg/hm^2;有机物循环再利用还可增强稻田系统的稳产性能,降低稻谷产量的年际变异系数;有机物循环再利用对水稻的增产有着明显的残效叠加作用,在施用N,P,K化肥基础上圾机物养分循环再利用水稻增产率在试验期间的前5年为7.2%,后5年平均为9.4%。 相似文献
80.
为深化对酸雨侵蚀环境下混凝土腐蚀机理及时效性能演变机制的认识,论述了酸雨侵蚀作用下混凝土材料腐蚀机理;归纳总结了已有酸雨侵蚀混凝土理论模型;梳理了酸雨单因素作用、酸雨-环境因子耦合作用、酸雨-荷载作用及酸雨-环境因子-荷载作用4种环境下混凝土材料物理力学性能演变过程的最新进展及研究不足,并展望了未来的研究方向与重点。研究结果表明:考虑酸雨离子成分交互作用的酸雨腐蚀混凝土机理尚未清晰,已有酸雨侵蚀混凝土理论模型缺乏扩展性,酸雨侵蚀作用下混凝土时效性能虽取得一定成果,但室内加速试验规范尚未统一,且多忽略了实际混凝土结构承载状态及服役环境的复杂性及时变性,所获混凝土物理力学性能依时变化规律仅适用于特定试验环境,同时由于试验工况单一导致试验数据匮乏,对混凝土-酸雨-环境因子-荷载相互作用机制揭示不足,仍需增设试验工况,扩大试验延度,加强混凝土细观结构演变及微观化学分析,进一步探索酸雨侵蚀混凝土机理,改进混凝土时效性能量化指标及评价体系,完善混凝土-酸雨-环境因子-荷载多场关联下混凝土时效性能研究。 相似文献