19种动植物粗提物对锦鲤诱食活性的研究

以16种植物和3种动物提取物作为实验材料,以体长为3—5cm的锦鲤为实验对象,采用触球法进行诱食活性研究,5次重复试验,并利用SPSS软件进行分析。结果表明,大蒜、浒苔、洋葱、西红柿、江蓠、陈皮、橙子、山楂、紫菜提取物和海星、海蜇、牡蛎提取物对锦鲤显示出诱食反应。其中,大蒜P=0.0010.05、浒苔P=0.0020.05、江蓠P=0.0040.05、陈皮P=0.0370.05、海星P=0.0030.05,说明大蒜、浒苔、江蓠、陈皮、海星对锦鲤的诱食反应有显著意义。     

国产机动车尾气颗粒提取物对小鼠骨髓细胞微核率的影响

采用小鼠骨髓细胞微核实验检测５种国产汽油车和３种柴油机车尾气颗粒提取物，结果显示各车型样品均具有明显的致突作用，多数汽车车颗粒的诱变性高于柴油机车，其中公交车和吉普车颗粒诱导小鼠微核率高     

菝葜乙醇提取物的抑菌作用

用不同浓度的菝葜乙醇提取物对4种细菌、1种酵母菌和1种霉菌进行抑菌实验。结果表明:菝葜乙醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为0 14、0 18、0 46和0 44(g/12ml培养基),菝葜乙醇提取物对产黄青霉和啤酒酵母的生长无明显抑制作用。研究结果对进一步综合开发利用菝葜植物资源具有重要意义。     

山葵提取物杀灭蛔虫的试验研究

文章用山葵提取物对蛔虫及其蛔虫卵的杀死作用.结果表明,在山葵提取物浓度为0.1%以上时,9min内就可杀死全部供试蛔虫.在山葵浓度为0.1%以上时,35min内就可杀死全部供试蛔虫卵.而且,山葵杀死蛔虫卵需时间比杀死蛔虫体的时间要长,是杀死蛔虫体所需时间的4倍.山葵的杀虫作用效果明显,这为消灭蛔虫及其虫卵,防治蛔虫病,保证人类健康找到了一条有效新途径.     

银杏叶提取物对普通小球藻Hg~(2 )毒害保护作用的研究

本文研究了Hg2 对普通小球藻的致毒效应与银杏叶提取物的保护作用。试验显示 :普通小球藻的生理代谢活动对Hg2 敏感 ,单Hg2 处理系列组 ,随着Hg2 浓度提高 ,普通小球藻生长量降低 ;可溶性蛋白含量、SOD活性、总抗氧化能力等在Hg2 0～ 3mg L- 1范围内应激升高 ,4～ 5mg L- 1时升高幅度下降 ;而O2 - 、MDA、脂质氢过氧化物含量均在供处理Hg2 浓度范围内持续上升 ,表现出Hg2 促进O2 - 、MDA与脂质氢过氧化物的积累 ,显示出Hg2 的毒害效应。Hg2 加银杏叶提取物 (EGb)复合处理普通小球藻结果表明 :EGb可以显著提高普通小球藻的生物量 ;促进普通小球藻的生长 ;减少普通小球藻内O2 -的生成 ,减缓普通小球藻内SOD活性与总抗氧化能力的提高 ,最终降低MDA与脂质氢过氧化物的积累 ,从而显著减轻Hg2 的毒害作用。     

海藻提取物EClean生物工程技术处理富营养型地表水

以北京动物园的地表水为例，利用引进的海藻提取物EClean生物工程技术对富营养化地表水进行处理试验研究。试验结果表明：应用此项技术有效降低了水体的浊度、COD和BOD5，水体脱氮降磷明显，藻类细胞密度下降，水体富营养化得到控制，减轻了“水华”藻类的危害。此技术在北京动物园富营养化水体的治理上表现出明显的应用效果。     

Optimization of phenol degradation by Candida tropicalis Z-04 using Plackett-Burman design and response surface methodology

Statistical experimental designs were used to optimize the process of phenol degradation by Candida tropicalis Z-04,isolated from phenol-degrading aerobic granules.The most important factors influencing phenol degradation (p<0.05),as identified by a two-level Plackett-Burman design with 11 variables,were yeast extract,phenol,inoculum size,and temperature.Steepest ascent method was undertaken to determine the optimal regions of these four significant factors.Central composite design (CCD) and response surfac...     

Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from the Daliao River watershed, China

The Daliao River, as an important water system in Northeast China, was reported to be heavily polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Aerobic biodegradations of four selected PAHs (naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluorene and anthracene) alone or in their mixture in river sediments from the Daliao River water systems were studied in microcosm systems. E ects of additional carbon source, inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus, temperature variation on PAHs degradation were also investigated. Results showed that the degradation of phenanthrene in water alone system was faster than that in water-sediment combined system. Degradation of phenanthrene in sediment was enhanced by adding yeast extract and ammonium, but retarded by adding sodium acetate and not significantly influenced by adding phosphate. Although PAHs could also be biodegraded in sediment under low temperature (5°C), much lower degradation rate was observed. Sediments from the three main streams of the Daliao River water system (the Hun River, the Taizi River and the Daliao River) demonstrated di erent degradation capacities and patterns to four PAHs. Average removal rates (15 or 19 d) of naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluorene and anthracene by sediment were in the range of 0.062–0.087, 0.005–0.066, 0.008– 0.016 and 0–0.059 mg/(L d), respectively. As a result, naphthalene was most easily degraded compound, anthracene was the hardest one. In multiple PAHs systems, the interactions between PAHs influenced each PAH biodegradation.     

沿江化工园区污水处理厂出水对体外培养的大鼠睾丸细胞生殖毒性研究

应用基于原代培养的大鼠睾丸细胞体外毒性测试方法,通过支持细胞、生精细胞及间质细胞这3种细胞的形态、活力、胞外乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活力、细胞早期凋亡坏死率和睾酮分泌量等指标对沿江化工园区污水处理厂出水的生殖毒性进行了研究. 结果表明,新开发的沿江化工园区A和省级沿江化工园区B污水处理厂出水有机提取物浓缩后均能造成不同程度的大鼠睾丸细胞生殖毒性,园区A提取物能明显影响支持细胞（p<0.01）、生精细胞（p<0.05）和间质细胞（p<0.05）的细胞活力,影响支持细胞和生精细胞胞外LDH活力（p<0.01）,且其毒性明显高于园区B. 暴露导致支持细胞处于凋亡早期,而生精细胞比较敏感,已到了凋亡晚期甚至有小团细胞坏死,虽然间质细胞的形态没有显著变化但园区A有机提取物已明显抑制了间质细胞睾酮的分泌（p<0.01）. 研究表明,通过基于原代培养的大鼠睾丸细胞体外毒性测试方法能够对污水处理厂出水的生殖毒性做出综合评价,该方法可以作为现行国家污水综合排放化学监测的有效补充.     

孔石莼提取物对海洋硅藻生长的影响

为筛选具有防污活性的物质,对孔石莼进行了提取,利用海洋硅藻检测了各提取物的防污活性.首先,使用极性不同的有机溶剂对孔石莼分步提取,然后,将得到的各种粗提物加入到硅藻培养液中,通过显微镜计数硅藻附着生长数量.实验发现各提取物均明显地抑制了硅藻的附着及生长,特别是乙酸乙酯提取物在1 g/L浓度下对硅藻附着生长的抑制率达到99%以上.对硅藻生长影响程度依次为:乙酸乙酯提取物>乙醇提取物>石油醚提取物>蒸馏水提取物.