垃圾填埋场有机污染物的生物降解机理

概述了垃圾填埋场中微生物的作用特性，微生物对有机污染物的降解及其影响因素，介绍了有机污染物降解的两种生化动力学模型：“速度指数模型”和“双曲线速度模型”，以及垃圾降解的动力学方程。     

选择透过性材料在生化防护服中的应用

人们在生产和生活过程中面临着有毒化学品和生物制剂的威胁。多年来，生化防护服广泛应用于工业、医学和军事，性能也在不断发展。过去的防护服材料主要是隔绝式材料和活性炭复合透气织物。隔绝式防护材料虽然能提供良好的防护性能，但是它制成的防护服笨重、不透气、穿着不舒适、限制肢体活动，     

浅谈道路行车速度限制的合理性

目前，许多部门和驾驶员纷纷反应道路限速过低，路难行、罚款重，而道路主管部门按公路设计速度设置限速标志，交警部门按标志设定的限速进行监控，如何协调安全与畅通关系，合理设定道路行车速度的限定，成了当前交通管理值得关注与研究的课题。     

你知道汽车如何智能调速吗？

不少汽车驾驶员都知道卫星定位设备，它能对道路上摄像头和测速仪的位置进行报警，提醒驾驶员注意遵守交通规则。但它的设计初衷使它不但不能敦促驾驶员遵守教规，反而使他们更加肆无忌惮地驾驶汽车。然而，天使与恶魔往往只有一步之遥。同样利用卫星定位系统，瑞典最近开发出一套“智能速度调节（ISA）”系统，能自动调节汽车速度使车辆全程遵守限速规定。     

冰川消融速度比过去350年快100倍

英国阿伯里斯特维斯大学教授研究小组利用冰碛（冰川留下的碎片）的蔓延开发了一套复杂的冰量流失计算方法。他们得出的结论认为，     

Critical velocity in phosphorus exchange processes across the sediment-water interface

Sediments are ultimate sinks of nutrients in lakes that record the pollution history evolutionary processes, and anthropogenic activities of a lake. However, sediments are considered as inner sources of environmental factor changes such as the variation in hydrodynamic conditions because of the nutrients they release. How does this process happen？ This study investigates a typical nutrient phosphorus （P） exchange among sediment, suspended particle matter （SPM）, and water. Compared with numerical and experimental studies, this study confirms that the critical velocity that occurs at a lower flow rate state exists in the range of 7 to 15 crn/sec. Critical velocity below the critical flow rate promotes the migration of particulate phosphorus （PP） to the SPM. On the other hand, critical velocity above the critical flow rate promotes the release of PP in water.     

建设可持续基础设施,支持城市未来发展

目前全球超过50%的人口居住在城市.20世纪,城市区域不断扩大,其扩展速度更甚于人口增长速度.城市对资源的需求量以及对自然环境的影响不断上升,城市社会也不断演变,多元化的文化、高密度的人口、日益增长的服务需求,使得人类城市系统越加复杂.城市系统与基础设施体系互相影响,在基础设施的设计、建设和管理过程中必须考虑社会和环境的因素,同时也要为未来城市发展留出余地.     

Competition of bloom-forming marine phytoplankton at low nutrient concentrations

Competition of three bloom-forming marine phytoplankton (diatom Skeletonema costatum, and dinoflagellates Prorocentrum minimum and Alexandrium tamarense) was studied through a series of multispecies cultures with di erent nitrate (NaNO3) and phosphate (NaH2PO4) levels and excess silicate to interpret red tide algae succession. S. costatum outgrew the other two dinoflagellates in nitrate and phosphate replete cultures with 10 mol/L Na2SiO3. Under nitrate limited (8.82 mol/L NaNO3) conditions, the growth of S. costatum was also dominant when phosphate concentrations were from 3.6 to 108 mol/L. Cell density of the two dinoflagellates only increased slightly, to less than 400 and 600 cells/mL, respectively. Cell density of S. costatum decreased with time before day 12, and then increased to 4000 cells/mL (1.5 mg/L dry biomass) at NaNO3 concentrations between 88.2 and 882 mol/L with limited phosphate (0.36 mol/L NaH2PO4) levels. In addition, P. minimum grew well with a maximal cell density of 1690–2100 cells/mL (0.5–0.6 mg/L dry biomass). Although S. costatum initially grew fast, its cell density decreased quickly with time later in the growth phase and the two dinoflagellates were dominant under the nitrate-limited and high nitrate conditions with limited phosphate. These results indicated that the diatom was a poor competitor compared to the two dinoflagellates under limited phosphate; however, it grew well under limited nitrate when growth of the dinoflagellates was near detection limits.     

确定区域知识产权战略的重点

案例解读：日本是一个根据其经济和科技发展速度适时调整专利策略的国家。20世纪50年代至70年代,其目标是构筑小型专利网的专利战略;70年代至80年代,向自主专利战略过渡;20世纪90年代,其重点放在了促进原创技术的专利战略上;进入21世纪,则是建立全面的知识产权战略。日本的做法对于我国具有重要的借鉴意义。     

用多道滤波接收函数法反演佛子岭台基的S波速度结构

以佛子岭地震台数字化仪器记录到的远震数据为基础,应用多道反褶积方法分组提取邻近地震事件的接收函数,并选择合适的地层厚度将台站下方介质结构简化成关于S波速度的水平分层模型。以此对Ps转换波的接收函数进行共转换点偏移叠加,反演计算得到每个水平层中的S波速度值,并给出了佛子岭台台基下方一维S波速度结构图。