六溴环十二烷(hexabromocyclododecane,HBCD)暴露对生长阶段文昌鱼的毒性及其几种重要酶活性的影响

以文昌鱼为研究对象,研究了在六溴环十二烷暴露下对文昌鱼造成的机体氧化损伤.通过检测相关酶活变化情况,如酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),从而确定低剂量长期暴露HBCD对文昌鱼鱼体产生氧化损伤效应的机制.急性毒性实验结果表明,文昌鱼暴露于六溴环十二烷饱和溶液(8....     

是谁悄悄偷走你的“钙”?

在众多的媒体上,补钙的宣传铺天盖地、气势汹汹;而在很多人的内心里,补钙的问题挥之不去、疑虑重重。补还是不补？先慢下定论,且让我们共同探讨一下补钙的利与弊、难和易、必要及可能,希望让您既不用再做补钙的“门外汉”,也不用再让难补的钙只停留在体外,“钙”莫能外,概莫能外。     

Kinetics and equilibrium of adsorption of dissolved organic matter fractions from secondary effluent by fly ash

Fly ash was used as a low-cost adsorbent for removing dissolved organic matter (DOM) in secondary effluent. Batch experiments were conducted under various adsorbent dosages, pH, contact time, temperatures and DOM fractional characteristics. Under the optimum conditions of fly ash dosage of 15 g/L, temperature of 303 K and contact time of 180 min, a removal of 22.5% of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 23.7% of UV-254, 25.9% of the trihalomethanes precursors in secondary effluent was obtained. The adsorption of DOM fractions onto fly ash all followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model, and the hydrophilic fraction adsorption by fly ash also fitted the intraparticle diffusion model quite well. Freundlich and Langmuir models were applicable to the fly ash adsorption and their constants were evaluated. The maximum adsorption capacities of the adsorptions revealed that fly ash was more effective in adsorbing hydrophilic fraction than the acidic fractions. Structure changes of the DOM fractions after fly ash adsorption were also characterized via spectrum analyzing. Those mechanisms presented critical step toward improved efficiencies of fly ash adsorption via further surface-modification.     

Using fluorescence-based microplate assay to assess DOM-metal binding in reactive materials for treatment of acid mine drainage

One potential drawback of compost-based passive bioreactors, which is a promising biotechnology for acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment, is the transport of dissolved organic matter (DOM)-metal complexes in surface waters. To address this problem, the objective of this study was to assess the maximum capacity of organic substrates to release soluble DOM-metal complexes in treated water. The reactivities of DOM in maple wood chips and sawdust, composted poultry manure, and leaf compost were quantified toward Cd2+, Ni2+, Fe2+, and Cu2+ using fluorescence quenching. The DOM showed the highest reactivity toward Fe, but a limited number of available sites for sorption, whereas DOM-Cd complexes exhibited the lowest fluorescence quenching. Overall, the DOM from a mixture of wastes formed higher concentrations of DOM-metal complexes relative to sole substrates. Among DOM-metal complexes, the concentrations of DOM-Ni complexes were the highest. After reaching steady-state, low concentrations of DOM-metal complexes were released in treated water, which is in agreement with theoretical predictions based on geochemical modeling. Therefore, in addition to physicochemical characterization, fluorescence quenching technique is recommended for the substrate selection of bioreactors.     

Mineral materials as feasible amendments to stabilize heavy metals in polluted urban soils

Four minerals, agricultural limestone (AL), rock phosphate (RP), palygorskite (PG), and calcium magnesium phosphate (CMP), were evaluated by means of chemical fractions of heavy metals in soils and concentrations of heavy metals in leachates from columns to determine their ability to stabilize heavy metals in polluted urban soils. Two urban soils (calcareous soil and acidic soil) polluted with cadmium, copper, zinc and lead were selected and amended in the laboratory with the mineral materials) for 12 months. Results indicated that application of the mineral materials reduced exchangeable metals in the sequence of Pb, Cd > Cu > Zn. The reduction of exchangeable fraction of heavy metals in the soils amended with di erent mineral materials followed the sequence of CMP, PG > AL > RP. Reductions of heavy metals leached were based on comparison with cumulative totals of heavy metals eluted through 12 pore volumes from an untreated soil. The reductions of the metals eluted from the calcareous soil amended with the RP, AL, PG and CMP were 1.98%, 38.89%, 64.81% and 75.93% for Cd, 8.51%, 40.42%, 60.64% and 55.32% for Cu, 1.76%, 52.94%, 70.00% and 74.12% for Pb, and 28.42%, 52.74%, 64.38% and 49.66% for Zn. Those from the acidic soil amended with the CMP, PG, AL, and RP were 25.65%, 68.06%, 78.01% and 79.06% for Cd, 26.56%, 49.64%, 43.40% and 34.68% for Cu, 44.44%, 33.32%, 61.11% and 69.44% for Pb, and 18.46%, 43.77%, 41.98% and 40.68% for Zn. The CMP and PG treatments were superior to the AL and RP for stabilizing heavy metals in the polluted urban soils.     

Arsenic removal from contaminated soil via biovolatilization by genetically engineered bacteria under laboratory conditions

In Rhodopseudomonas palustris, an arsM gene, encoding bacterial and archaeal homologues of the mammalian Cyt19 As(III) S-adenosylmethionine methytransferase, was regulated by arsenicals. An expression of arsM was introduced into strains for the methylation of arsenic. When arsM was expressed in Sphingomonas desiccabilis and Bacillus idriensis, it had 10 folds increase of methyled arsenic gas compared to wild type in aqueous system. In soil system, about 2.2%–4.5% of arsenic was removed by biovolatilization during 30 days. This study demonstrated that arsenic could be removed through volatilization from the contaminated soil by bacteria which have arsM gene expressed. These results showed that it is possible to use microorganisms expressing arsM as an inexpensive, efficient strategy for arsenic bioremediation from contaminated water and soil.     

Involvements of chloride ion in decolorization of Acid Orange 7 by activated peroxydisulfate or peroxymonosulfate oxidation

The effects of Cl^- on the decolorization of AO7 by SO₄^·- based-peroxydisulfate or peroxymonosulfate oxidation under various activated conditions were different.     

碳酸盐岩处理AMD生成的污泥除磷初步研究

选取碳酸盐岩处理矿山酸性废水的污泥作为水中磷的去除材料,研究pH、温度、污泥投加量和接触时间对磷去除作用的影响,以及在此过程污泥中重金属的释放情况.试验表明:当水中磷浓度为10 mg/L,温度25℃,接触时间10 min,污泥投加量0.5 g,pH为7时,磷的去除率达到99.9％以上.实验中污泥有少量重金属的释放,但仍...     

水中高锰酸盐指数的质量控制指标研究

通过全国14个省份93家实验室的监测数据分析,研究确定了酸性法测定水中高锰酸盐指数的质量控制指标,建议控制值为:标准样品RSD≤4.0%,实际样品相对偏差≤5.0%,标准样品RSD'≤7.0%,标准样品RE≤±10.0%,加标回收率90%～110%。     

镇雄县煤矿废水污染治理技术探讨

镇雄县煤矿废水未经处理或只经过简单的沉淀处理直接外排,造成惨重后果。为了防止这种恶性循环继续发生,结合镇雄县地域经济、社会环境和废水的污染性质,提出了经济适用的煤矿废水污染治理技术方案。经实践,取得了良好的效果。