从废载体催化剂中回收提炼高纯铂

一、引言与金银相比,人类发现和生产铂族金属的历史并不长。自1778年开始从哥伦比亚乔科砂矿中开采铂到现在只不过二百多年的历史。1823年德拜莱勒发现铂对乙醇的氧化和氢的氧化有催化作用,揭开了铂族金属的催化特性,导致了科学技术上的一次革命。铂(或铂铼等)催化重整几乎生产     

Distribution of Platinum group elements in road dust in the Beijing metropolitan area, China

Dust samples collected from the Beijing metropolitan area （China） were evaluated to determine the distribution and the concentration of platinum group elements （PGEs）. The dust particles that were smaller than 100 mesh size fraction （150 μm） were analyzed after aqua regia digestion. Concentrations ofPt, Rh, and Pd were found to be between 3.96 and 356.3 ng/g, 2.76 and 97.11 ng/g, and 0.1 and 124.9 ng/g, respectively, in the urban areas of Beijing, whereas for the background samples collected from the suburbs of Beijing, the concentrations of Pt, Pd, and Rh were very low and ranged from 0.1 to 0.9 ng/g, 0.5 to 1.4 ng/g, and 0.8 to 2.2 rig/g, respectively. The distributions of PGEs in road dust were an accurate reflection of the levels of pollution and were found to match with the local traffic conditions. A strong positive correlation was established among all the dements found in road dust. This suggests that emissions of abraded fragments from vehicle exhausts may be the source of the high concentration of Pt, Rh, and Pd in road dust along the main roads of Beijing.     

Novel synthetic approaches and TWC catalytic performance of flower-like Pt/CeO2

A novel Ultrasonic Assisted Membrane Reduction （UAMR）-hydrothermal method was used to prepare flower-like Pt/CeO2 catalysts. The texture, physical/chemical properties, and reducibility of the flower-like Pt/CeO2 catalysts were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction （XRD）, Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM）, Transmission Electron Microscope （TEM）, N2 adsorption, and hydrogen temperature programmed reduction （HE-TPR） techniques. The catalytic performance of the catalysts for treating automobile emission was studied relative to samples prepared by the conventional wetness impregnation method. The Pt/CeO2 catalysts fabricated by this novel method showed high specific surface area and metal dispersion, excellent three-way catalytic activity, and good thermal stability. The strong interaction between the Pt nanoparticles and CeO2 improved the thermal stability. The Ce4＋ ions were incorporated into the surfactant chains and the Pt nanoparticles were stabilized through an exchange reaction of the surface hydroxyl groups. The SEM results demonstrated that the Pt/CeO2 catalysts had a typical three-dimensional （3D） hierarchical porous struc- ture, which was favorable for surface reaction and enhanced the exposure degree of the Pt nanoparticles. In brief, the flower-like Pt/CeO2 catalysts prepared by UAMR-hydrothermal method exhibited a higher Pt metal dispersion, smaller particle size, better three-way catalytic activity, and improved thermal stability versus conven- tional materials.     

纳米铂微粒电极催化氧化有机污染物的研究

采用电化学阴极还原-阳极氧化方法制备了纳米铂微粒电极.电极表面的微观结构表征表明,铂微粒在三维网状的氧化钛膜孔道中呈均匀、高度分散状态,且粒径细小,铂微粒充分裸露,使得纳米铂微粒电极活性点多,电催化性能高.采用循环伏安法研究了铂微粒电极对有机小分子代表性物质甲醇的电催化氧化行为.结果表明,在酸性、中性和碱性介质中纳米铂微粒电极对甲醇的电催化氧化性能均明显优于光滑铂片电极,甲醇在纳米铂微粒电极上产生的氧化电流密度比光滑铂片电极高100倍以上.2种铂电极催化氧化降解甲醇、苯酚和甲基橙3种有机物时,纳米铂微粒电极的平均氧化电流效率是光滑铂片电极的数倍,这进一步表明纳米铂微粒电极对有机污染物具有良好的催化氧化降解能力.     

高位阻叔胺(N_(3418))自盐酸溶液中萃取铂的研究

本工作以高位阻叔胺萃取剂N34 18自盐酸溶液中对铂 (Ⅳ )的萃取进行了研究。对萃取时间、水相的酸度、水相的 pH值、萃取剂的浓度、稀释剂等影响因素进行了较全面的分析。用NaOH作为反萃剂对反萃率进行了研究。应用连续变换法、饱和法 ,斜率法确定了萃合物的组成 ,萃合物的组成为 1 4。     

从厚膜工艺产生的废料中回收金铂钯

厚膜工艺过程中的金基废料分别进行蒸发，燃烧和破碎，然后集中焙烧，焙渣用盐酸洗除可溶性杂质，用王水浸出金、铂、钯。用Ｎａ２ＳＯ３优先沉淀金、用锌粉共沉铂和钯。铂、钯混粉用硝酸分离钯。王水浸出后的残渣经湿法还原ＰｄＯ后，再用王水提取残余的钯。金、伯、钯分离提纯后，再用于生产浆料，本工艺适用于含银少的金基废料的回收。     

废钯铂碳催化剂的氧化焙烧法

在细粉状的废马碳催化剂中加入熟石灰作为盛开粘结剂、助燃剂、捕集剂，经氧化焙烧有效富集了贵金属。熟石灰的助燃性是由于在ＯＨ＾－的催化作用下，Ｃ与Ｈ２Ｏ产生水煤气絷２降低了碳的燃点。     

热电偶丝材加工质量控制研究

结合实例总结并分析了铂铑测温丝材加工中，影响产品质量的主要因素为熔炼时的杂质元素及成分偏析，加工过程中配模不合理、模具失效、设备失效等。最后提出了配合ISO9000质量体系认证,从技术和管理方面的质量解决方案。     

Photocatalytic degradation of PCP-Na with TiO2 photocatalysis loaded with platinum

Titanium dioxide(TiO2) samples of different crystal forms were prepared by hydrolysis tetrbutyl titanate in various water to alkoxide ratios and sintering the hydrolysis product at different temperatures.The photocatalysts coated on hollow glass beads and loaded with platinum varying from 0.2% to 2.4% by weight.The photocatalytic degradation rate of sodium pentachlorophenolate (PCP-Na) depends on the preparing conditions such as:sintering temperatures,water to alkoxide ratios(R),platinum content and the size.The proper conditions of preparation photocatalysts are as follows:the ratio of tiO2:sodium silicate:hollow glass beads:platinum is 10:5:20:0.15(w/w),R is 100,sintering temperature is 650℃,and the size of hollow glass is 0.5-1mm.Under these conditions,the ratio between acatase and rutile of the photocatalyst is 2:1,and the photocatalytic activity is high.     

汽车尾气中含铂颗粒物的表面特征分析

采用扫描电镜(SEM)和等离子质谱技术(ICP-MS)对配有三元催化转化器的汽车尾气中的颗粒物进行分析.结果表明,尾气颗粒物中含有大量的Si和Al,平均浓度分别为30.88%和23.71%;≤2μm的颗粒物占64%,颗粒物颜色为深褐色或黑色.扫描电镜下观察颗粒物形状不规则,表面较粗糙,呈多孔状.汽车尾气颗粒物中铂含量为280±1ng/g,大气颗粒物(人民广场)中铂含量为27±0.5ng/g.