处理含锌铅钢铁厂粉尘的Inmetco工艺

Ｉｎｍｅｔｃｏ工艺是处理含锌铅钢铁厂粉尘的重要方法。本文在实验的基础上，对该工艺处理我国含锌铅钢铁厂粉尘的可行性和合理性作了论述。     

一滴法火焰原子吸收光谱测定鱼鳞中Ca.Mg.Cu.Zn.Mn.Fe

提出了以活鱼之鱼鳞作为活性载体，一滴法火焰原子吸收光谱测定Ca．Mg．Cu．Zn．Mn．Fe六种元素的方法。该法样品及试剂用量少，简便快速干扰少，结果可靠，适用于活性载体的跟踪监测。     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定土壤中锌消化方法的改进

探讨了一种快捷有效的样品预处理方法，即采用王水和聚四氟乙烯密封高压罐微波消化法处理土壤样品。该法耗酸量少，操作简便，安全性好，避免了烦琐而冗长的操作，减少了人为误差，测定结果精密度高，准确性好。     

Elemental sulfur effects on Pb and Zn uptake by Indian mustard and winter wheat

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of elemental sulfur to contaminated soil on plant uptake by a heavy metal hyperaccumulator, Indian mustard( Brassica juncea ) and a field crop, winter wheat( Triticum. aestivum). Elemental sulfur(S) with different rates was carried out, they were 0(S0 ), 20(S20 ), 40(S40 ), 80(S80 ), and 160(S160 ) mmol/kg respectively. Extra pots with the same rates of S but without plants were used for soil sampling to monitor pH and CaCl2-extractable heavy metal changes. The results showed that S enhanced phytoextraction of Pb and Zn from contaminated soil. Application S effectively decreased soil pH down to 1.1 as the most at the rate of Sl60. The concentrations of CaCl2-extractable Pb and Zn in soil and uptake of Pb and Zn by the plants were increased with soil pH decreased. A good correlation between CaCl2-extractable Pb/Zn and soil pH was found( Rpb^2 = 0.847 and RZn^2 = 0,991, n = 25). With S application, soil CaCl2-extractable Pb and Zn concentrations, concentration of Pb and Zn in plants and the amount of removal by plant uptake were significanfly higher than those without S. Under the treatment of S160, the highest CaCl2-extmctable Pb and Zn were observed, they were 4.23 mg/kg and 0.40 mg/kg, 2.7 and 2.0 times as that of the control(So ) respectively. At the highest rates of S( Sl~0 ), both Indian mustard and winter wheat reached the highest uptake of Pb and Zn. The highest Pb concentrations in wheat and Indian mustard were 32.8 mg/kg and 537.0 mg/kg, all 1.8 times as that of the control, and the highest Zn concentrations in wheat and Indian mustard were 215.5 mg/kg and 404.0 mg/kg, 2.4 and 2.0 times as that of the control respectively. The highest removals of Pb and Zn from the contaminated soil were 0.41 rag/pot and 0.31 nag/pot by Indian mustard in the treatment of S160 through 50 days growth.     

化学品危险性类别与标志

化学品作为一种特殊的商品,极大地改善了人们的生活,但其固有的特性如爆炸性、燃烧性、腐蚀性、毒害性、氧化性、放射性和反应性,等等,也给人类的生存带来了极大的威胁.因此,为有效地预防和控制化学品的危害,必须将化学品进行危险性分类并加以标识.     

沙蚕暴露于石油烃、Cu2+和Cd2+毒性效应及乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的响应

采用浓度梯度污染暴露室内模拟方法,研究了沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis Grube)暴露于不同浓度的石油烃和重金属Cu2 、Cd2 的毒性效应及乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的响应.结果表明,石油烃和Cd2 、Cu2 对沙蚕均具有较强的毒性效应.暴露4 d和10 d后,石油烃LC50分别为440和110 μg·L-1,Cu2 分别为1 150和570 μg·L-1,Cd2 分别为5 090和2 500 μg·L-1,相应的生态毒性大小为:石油烃＞Cu2 ＞Cd2 .在Cd2 、Cu2 污染暴露条件下,沙蚕体内乙酰胆碱酯酶活性受到一定程度的抑制,但抑制率均低于50%.而在石油烃污染暴露条件下,沙蚕体内乙酰胆碱酯酶活性受到显著抑制,最高抑制率可达90%以上;而且,其乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的变化与石油烃的浓度显著相关.可见,乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的变化可以作为生物标志物,较灵敏地反映出石油烃对沙蚕的污染效应及其毒害作用.     

流化催化裂化烟气脱硫助剂的制备及其脱硫活性

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备锌铝助剂，该助剂于700℃焙烧后与流化催化裂化（FCC）催化剂进行机械混合，制得混合催化剂；在FCC烟气工业模拟装置上考察混合催化剂的脱硫活性，用混合催化剂的脱硫活性来反映锌铝助剂的脱硫性能。实验结果表明，氧化锌质量分数为10％的锌铝助剂的脱硫活性最佳，脱硫率达62．5％。采用红外光谱和X射线衍射（XRD）对锌铝助剂的脱硫机理进行了研究，红外分析结果表明，弱的L酸中心有利于锌铝助剂脱硫，XRD分析结果表明，锌铝助剂在锌铝尖晶石结构尚未完全形成时，存在较多的晶格缺陷，能够有效地吸附烟气中的SOx，将其转化为H2S。     

铬化物对人体的危害及预防

铬是一种银白色有光泽、坚硬而耐腐蚀的金属，熔点1860℃，沸点2482℃，比重6．92。铬及其化合物在现代工业上的应用广泛，如开采、冶炼铬矿．生产各种铬的化合物；用于制造坚韧优质合金钢及不锈钢、抗酸合金；纯铬用于电镀；铬酸铅、铬酸锌、铬酸钡等用于颜料、油漆布、橡胶、玻璃和陶瓷制造工业;