Toxic effects of wastewater from various phases of monosodium glutamate production on seed germination and root elongation of crops

To make a comprehensive assessment on monosodium glutamate (MSG) wastewater pollution, a pollution exposure experiment was carried out on the seed germination and root elongation of wheat, Chinese cabbage and tomato by using the wastewater discharged from different processing phases of MSG production. The results showed that there were significantly positive linear relationships between the inhibitory rates of wheat seed germination and root elongation and the COD_cr of the mother liquor scraps. The toxicity of MSG wastewater to the test crops was in the order of tomato > Chinese cabbage > wheat, indicating that tomato was the most sensitive to the wastewater, and could be considered as an ideal toxic bioindicator. The half-effect concentrations (IC₅₀) based on the seed germination and root elongation of the test crops exposed to the wastewater discharged from various processing phases of MSG production was 22.0–32 432 and 17.3–3320 mg/L, respectively. Translated from Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2006, 17(7): 1286–1290 [译自: 应用生态学报]     

上海市在用车推行I/M制度中检测方法的研究

对在用车实施I/M制度，采用底盘测功机模拟道路工况检测汽车排放污染物，按美国国家环保局（EPA）推荐的方法有3种：瞬态短工总法（IM240）、稳态加速模拟工况法（ASM）和瞬态短工部简易质量分析检测法（VMAS）。根据上海市的试验结果，对上述3种方法的检测精度、设备投资以及运行维护诸方面进行分析比较，阐明上海市采用VMAS方法的依据和应注意的问题，并对应采用的模拟道路工况提出了看法。     

BP网络应用于大气环境监测点的优选

为了对大气环境监测点进行优化选择 ,以大气质量分级标准为训练样本 ,构造BP网络进行训练 ,用训练好的BP网络对某地的大气环境监测采样点进行了优选 ,并与物元分析法优选结果进行比较。结果表明 ,BP网络用于环境测点优选具有较好的客观性和应用性     

洗车废水混凝剂的选择

实验采用混凝工艺对洗车水进行预处理,选用4种无机混凝剂和1种有机混凝剂进行对比试验研究,通过实验结果分析确定了最佳药剂及其最佳投药量。     

产酸脱硫反应器中COD/SO_4~(2-)比制约的群落生态演替规律

通过产酸脱硫反应器的动态试验和配套的静态试验 ,考察致变因子COD/SO2 - 4比制约的乙酸型顶极群落的结构、优势种群的组成和生态演替的规律 ;阐明乙酸型代谢和乙酸型顶极群落是产酸脱硫生态系统的典型特征 ;揭示乙酸型顶极群落内平衡与反馈调节的生理代谢机制 ,并以因变因子 pH值、氧化还原电位和碱度来表征生态演替过程中优势种群的三维实现生态位     

环境振动的灰色预测模型研究

利用 GIM( 1 )的非时序直接建模法来预测研究建筑施工的环境振动 ,并将 GIM( 1 )模型与 GM( 1 ,1 )模型进行比较分析。结果表明 GIM( 1 )模型的拟合精度优良 ,对原始资料中白化信息的利用更加丰富 ,拓宽了 GIM( 1 )模型在环境科学领域中的应用范围     

离聚物（MPET）对水中铬离子的吸附性能研究

研究了离聚物（MPET）粉末对Cr^3 的吸附性能，探讨了不同的吸附温度、时间、pH值和不同的初始浓度对吸附性能的影响，实验发现Cr^3 在较低温度下和pH为4时能被MPETO分末很好地吸附，最大饱和吸附量为11.80mg/g，实验表明MPET废纤维很可能发展成为一种经济的吸附重金属离子的材料。     

强化混凝去除黄浦江水有机物的试验研究

强化混凝去除有机物的效果与水源的分子量分布特性有着密切的关系.由于黄浦江水中低分子量的溶解性有机物占多数,因此,强化混凝处理有机物效果有限.对于＜1k分子量区间的有机物.增加混凝剂投量可有效去除紫外吸光值(UV254),但去除溶解性有机碳(DOC)的效果很差.尽管增加混凝剂投量和降低pH都能有效地去除有机物,但决定强化混凝效果的主要因素是pH,去除黄浦江水有机物的最佳pH范围为6～5.     

Distribution characteristics of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the Typha latifolia constructed wetlands using fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH)

A molecular biology method, fluorescent in situ hybridization（FISH）, in which the pre-treatment was improved in allusion to the media of the constructed wetlands（CW）, e.g. the soil and the grit, was used to investigate the vertical distribution characteristics of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria（AOB） quantity and the relation with oxidation-reduction potential（ORP） in the Typha latifolia constructed wetlands under three different Ioadings in summer from May to September. Results showed that the quantity of the AOB decreased in the Typha latifolia CW with the increase of vertical depth. However, the AOB quantity was 2-4 times the quantity of the control in the root area. Additionally, ORP in the rhizosphere was found to be higher than other areas, which showed that Typha latifolia CW was in an aerobic state in summer when using simulated non-point sewage at the rural area of Taihu Lake in China and small town combined sewage.     

PO4^3-和柠檬酸对稀土元素在小麦体内积累和分异的影响

基于营养液培养,添加外源稀土和ICP-MS分析技术,研究了无机配体PO43-(Pi)及有机配体柠檬酸(Cit)对小麦器官中稀土元素积累和分异的影响.结果表明,不同Pi水平对小麦根中的稀土总含量(∑REE)影响较小,但显著降低叶中∑REE含量;而不同Cit水平对小麦根、叶中∑REE含量都有明显降低作用.对照植物(无Pi、Cit添加)中,稀土元素在小麦根中具有中稀土(MREE)富集及M-型四重效应分布特征,叶中有重稀土(HREE)富集及W-型四重效应分布特征.不同Pi处理对四重效应无明显作用,但进一步加强HREE在小麦叶片中的富集.添加柠檬酸使对照植物根和叶中的分异有逐渐减弱的趋势,在高浓度处理时(Cit≥150μmol.L-1),小麦根和叶中出现轻稀土(LREE)富集.