碱激发胶凝材料及其固化Pb^2＋的试验研究

对碱激胶凝材料（碱-偏高岭土、碱-矿渣和碱-粉煤灰）与水-水泥体系固化Ph^2＋进行了试验研究，其中水-水泥体系为对比样。结果表明：对于相同稠度的碱激发胶凝材料，即使Pb^2＋含量达到2．4％，除了碱-粉煤灰的抗压强度略低外，其他都达到30MPa以上，满足填埋或做建筑基材的使用要求；与水泥相比，碱激发胶凝材料能显著降低重金属离子（Ph^2＋）浸出浓度，其规律性与其NH4交换容量大小的规律性一致，与其固化体的抗压强度的大小没有相关性。     

AAS与ICP－AES间接测定天然水中硫酸盐

本文以与过量形成ＢａＳＯ＿４沉淀反应为基础，较详细地讨论了反应条件、从而拟定了用ＡＡＳ和ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ间接测定天然水中的方法、确定了方法的精密度，ＡＡＳ法的ＲＳＤ％为１．５，ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法为３．２．两种方法对比分析的结果接近，误差为１．０％（相对）。用于天然水中的测定，获得满意的结果。     

WEP的安全技术分析及对策

在对无线局域网WLAN标准IEEE80 2 .11的WEP描述的基础上 ,笔者深入研究了WEP协议的设计上和实际应用中存在的密钥序列重复使用、消息认证和完整性等严重安全漏洞 ;详细分析了标准无线局域网中WEP协议解决方案 ;提出了WEP的改进算法WEP2 ,WEP2将IV大小增加到 12 8bit,以增强抗攻击能力 ;分析了AES解决方案的可行性 ;在密钥再生与分配方面 ,提出在MAC层实现经认证的密钥交换 ,用来改善WEP的安全脆弱性等解决措施。最后 ,还对今后的研究方向作出进一步的展望     

Prioritizing Wetland Restoration for Sediment Yield Reduction: A Conceptual Model

In a climate of limited resources, it is often necessary to prioritize restoration efforts geographically. The synoptic approach is an ecologically based tool for geographic prioritization of wetland protection and restoration efforts. The approach was specifically designed to incorporate best professional judgment in cases where information and resources are otherwise limited. Synoptic assessments calculate indices for functional criteria in subunits (watersheds, counties, etc.) of a region and then rank the subunits. Ranks can be visualized in region-scale maps which enable managers to identify areas where efforts optimize functional performance on a regional scale. In this paper, we develop a conceptual model for prioritizing watersheds whose wetlands can be restored to reduce total sediment yield at the watershed outlet. The conceptual model is designed to rank watersheds but not individual wetlands within a watershed. The synoptic approach is valid for applying the sediment yield reduction model because there is high demand for prioritizing disturbed wetlands for restoration, but there is limited, quantitative, accurate information available with which to make decisions. Furthermore, the cost of creating a comprehensive database is prohibitively high. Finally, because the model will be used for planning purposes, and, specifically, for prioritizing based on multiple decisions rather than optimizing a single decision, the consequence of prioritization errors is low. Model results cannot be treated as scientific findings. The conclusions of an assessment are based on judgement, but this judgement is guided by scientific principles and a general understanding of relevant ecological processes. The conceptual model was developed as the first step towards prioritizing of wetland restoration for sediment yield reduction in US EPA Region 4.     

盐析分相微萃取—高效液相色谱法测定水中含氯除草剂

采用盐析分相微萃取—高效液相色谱法同时测定水中3种含氯除草剂，建立并优化了反相离子对液相色谱条件，考察了萃取剂种类、盐析剂的种类和加入量及试样pH对萃取效果的影响。对氯苯氧乙酸、2，4-二氯苯氧乙酸和2，4-滴丁酯的质量浓度在0.1~100.0mg/L内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系，相关系数不低于0.9992。平均回收率分别为96.29%、79.16%和70.21%，相对标准偏差小于5.3%。该方法操作简便、绿色环保，适合于水中含氯除草剂的测定。     

土壤中4-溴苯胺降解动力学及其生态毒性追踪

秀谷隆是一种被广泛应用的取代脲类除草剂，其主要降解产物为４－溴苯胺（４－ＢＡ），研究４－溴苯胺在不同土壤中的降解动力学规律，并用土壤环境指示动物弹尾目跳虫Ｃｏｌｌｅｍｂｏｌａ（Ｆｏｌｓｏｍｉａ ｃａｎｄｉｄａ）跟踪指示该化合物在进一步降解过程中的毒性，结果表明：４－溴苯胺在土壤中的降解行为可用一级反应动力学方程来较好地描述，其生态毒性明显高于母体化合物秀谷隆，该化合物在粘土中的残留量低于砂土，但毒     

Effect of variations in the redox potential of Gleysol on barium mobility and absorption in rice plants

Two assays were designed to obtain information about the influence of redox potential variations on barium mobility and bioavailability in soil. One assay was undertaken in leaching columns, and the other was conducted in pots cultivated with rice (Oryza sativa) using soil samples collected from the surface of Gleysol in both assays. Three doses of barium (100,300 mg kg⁻¹ and 3000 mg kg⁻¹-soil dry weight) and two redox potential values (oxidizing and reducing) were evaluated. During the incubation period, the redox potential (Eh) was monitored in columns and pots until values of −250 mV were reached. After the incubation period, geochemical partitioning was conducted on the barium using the European Communities Bureau of Reference (BCR) method. Rainfall of 200 mm d⁻¹ was simulated in the columns and in the planting of rice seedlings in the pots. The results of the geochemical partitioning demonstrated that the condition of reduction favors increased barium concentrations in the more labile chemical forms and decreased levels in the chemical forms related to oxides. The highest barium concentrations in leached extracts (3.36 mg L⁻¹) were observed at the highest dose and condition of reduction at approximately five times above the drinking water standard. The high concentrations of barium in the soil did not affect plant dry matter production. The highest levels and accumulation of barium in roots, leaves, and grains of rice were found at the highest dose and condition of reduction. These results demonstrate that reduction leads to solubilization of barium sulfate, thereby favoring greater mobility and bioavailability of this element.     

水滑石与磷酸银可见光催化剂的活性对比研究

本文合成了具备水滑石结构(LDH)的Zn-Cr LDH、Zn-Ti LDH以及Ag3PO43种半导体光催化剂,并对它们的催化性能进行对比研究。XRD和SEM分析表明,Zn-Cr LDH、Zn-Ti LDH具有层状结构而Ag3PO4呈纳米球状结构。UV-Vis分析表明,Ag3PO4和Zn-Cr LDH能够吸收可见光(>420 nm)。在可见光照射与添加AgNO3作为电子受体的条件下,Zn-TiLDH几乎没有光催化活性,而Ag3PO4的光催化活性高于Zn-Cr LDH。Ag3PO4在光解水实验中180 min内氧气产量约1.2mL,而Zn-Cr LDH约为0.65 mL。光催化降解有机污染物实验中,在Ag3PO4催化作用下,120 min内亚甲基蓝(MB)被完全降解,在240 min内46%的对硝基酚(PNP)被降解,而Zn-Cr LDH相应的去除率分别为61%和27%。     

Nitrous oxide and methane emission from a flooded rice field as influenced by separate and combined application of herbicides bensulfuron methyl and pretilachlor

Combination of divergent active principles to achieve broad-spectrum control is gaining popularity to manage the weed menace in intensive agriculture. However, such application could have non-target impacts on the soil processes affecting soil ecology and environmental interactions. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of separate and combined applications of herbicides bensulfuron methyl and pretilachlor on the emission of N₂O and CH₄, and related soil and microbial parameters in a flooded alluvial field planted to rice cv Lalat. Single application of the herbicide bensulfuron methyl or pretilachlor resulted in a significant reduction of N₂O and CH₄ emissions while the combination of these two herbicides distinctly increased N₂O and CH₄ emissions. Cumulative N₂O emissions (kg N₂O-N) followed the order of bensulfuron methyl (0.35 kg ha⁻¹) < pretilachlor (0.36 kg ha⁻¹) < control (0.45 kg ha⁻¹) < bensulfuron methyl 0.6% + pretilachlor 6.0% single dose (0.49 kg ha⁻¹) < bensulfuron methyl 0.6% + pretilachlor 6.0% double dose (0.54 kg ha⁻¹). Cumulative CH₄ emissions (kg CH₄), on the other hand, followed the order of bensulfuron methyl (47.89 kg ha⁻¹) < pretilachlor (73.17 kg ha⁻¹) < bensulfuron methyl 0.6% + pretilachlor 6.0% single dose (93.50 kg ha⁻¹) < control (106.54 kg ha⁻¹) < bensulfuron methyl 0.6% + pretilachlor 6.0% double dose (124.67 kg ha⁻¹). The inhibitory effect of separate application of herbicides bensulfuron methyl 0.6% and pretilachlor 6.0% on N₂O emission was linked to lower mineral N, lower denitrifying and nitrifying activity and low denitrifier and nitrifier populations. Inhibitory effect on CH₄ emission, on the contrary, was linked to prevention in the drop of redox potential, lower readily mineralizable carbon (RMC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) contents as well as lower methanogenic and higher methanotrophic bacterial population. Admittedly, stimulatory effect of combined application of herbicides bensulfuron methyl 0.6% and pretilachlor 6.0% at double dose on N₂O and CH₄ emission was related to reversal of the identified indicators of inhibition. Results indicate that while individual application of herbicides bensulfuron methyl 0.6% or pretilachlor 6.0% can reduce N₂O and CH₄ emission from flooded soil planted to rice, their combined application at normal dose can keep the emission at a comparatively lower level with significantly higher grain yield as compared to the herbicides applied alone.