原子吸收法测定废水中的铬（Ⅵ）

在pH<1的溶液中,用甲基异丁酮(MIBK)与磷酸三丁酯(TBP)混合作为萃取剂,萃取废水中的铬时,六价铬的分配比为108.6,而三价铬几乎不被萃取。用原子吸收分光光度计测定有机相中的六价铬具有很好的选择性,且干扰少,灵敏度高。工作曲线的最佳浓度范围是:0.04～4.00mg/L。     

固体进样无焰原子吸收法直接测定树叶中的铬

设计了一种简便,实用的固体进样装置,进行无焰原子吸收测定树叶中的痕量铬.建立了一种准确快速测定树叶中微量元素的方法,适合于常规环境试样分析.特证质量0.9Pg/0.0044A,回收率95-98％,变异系数5.1-5.7％.     

Chemical analysis of tobacco cigarette for organochlorine insecticides and heavy metal composition

The effects of cigarette smoking on smokers and the environment were investigated by analyzing some cigarette brands available to Nigerian smokers for the presence of some of the widely used organochlorine (OC) pesticides and heavy metals. OC pesticide residues were extracted from tobacco smoke, separated and identified using column chromatographic and thin layer chromatographic techniques respectively, while ashed and unashed commercial cigarettes were analyzed for heavy metals – Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, and Co using atomic absorption spectrometry. TLC data indicated that dieldrin and p,p′-DDD were present in some of the cigarette brands. The results of heavy metal analysis showed that the levels of some toxic heavy metals and pollution index were higher in unashed cigarettes than corresponding ashes. Evidence suggests that significant amounts of these toxic metals are inhaled by the smoker and/or released into the environment in the process of cigarette smoking, thus confirming that cigarette smoking is harmful to the environment and human health.     

Cadmium,zinc, copper and Metallothionein in human tissues (liver and kidney)∗

It was proved by in vitro and animal experiments, that the toxicokinetics (resorption, distribution, deposition and excretion) and, in connection with this, also the toxicity of the metals Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) is closely associated to the low molecular weight protein Metallothionein (Mt). There is a considerable lack of information on the Mt concentration in human tissues and its correlation to Cd, Cu and Zn. Therefore the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Zn and Mt were determined quantitatively in liver and kidney samples of 184 deceased. The dependence of these concentrations from each other and from further parameters, i.e. age, sex, drinking and smoking habits, or diseases of the organs, is studied. Scalar values (concentrations, age) were compared by Spearman rank correlations. The influence of non‐scalar factors (i.e. sex, diseases etc.) was proved by comparison of the geometric means of the Cd, Cu, Zn and Mt concentrations in the tissues of the corresponding subgroups. The manner of influence of the main factors will be discussed.     

等离子体发射光谱法等三种方法测定马铃薯中镉

采用IRISER/SDuoICP测定马铃薯中的镉元素含量,并与火焰原子吸收法和石墨炉原子吸收法的测定作一比较,3种方法的检测限分别为0 001mg/L、0 004mg/L和0 25ng/L,加标回收率均在95%～102%范围内,相对标准差<10%。     

火焰原子吸收法测定饮用水中银的改进

对火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定饮用水中银的方法作了改进。试验发现在酸性条件下,不利于银的测定,改加氨水氰化钾溶液则取得满意的结果,提高了测定灵敏度。银的特征质量浓度为0 016mg·L-1/1%吸收,检测限为0 001mg/L,相对标准差<2.5%,加标回收率在98%～103%之间。     

Levels of Selected Metals in Canned Fish Consumed in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

In the present paper, seven heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr and Fe) in canned salmon, sardine and tuna fish were determined by using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Cadmium and lead levels were determined by graphite tube AAS whereas Ni, Cu, Cr and Fe were determined by flame AAS. Analytical results were validated by spiking the samples with various concentrations of these metals for recovery. The metal contents, expressed in μg/g, wet weight, varied depending upon the specie studied. The levels of Pb ranged from 0.03–1.20 μg-g⁻¹ with an average of 0.313 μg-g⁻¹ for salmon; 0.03–0.51 μg-g⁻¹ with an average of 0.233 μg-g⁻¹ for tuna and 0.13–1.97 μg-g⁻¹ with an average of 0.835 μg-g⁻¹ for sardines. The levels of Cd ranged from 0.02–0.38 μg-g⁻¹ with an average of 0.161 μg-g⁻¹ for salmon; 0.07–0.64 μg-g⁻¹ with an average of 0.227 μg-g⁻¹ for tuna and 0.010–0.690 μg-g⁻¹ with an average of 0.183 μg-g⁻¹ for sardines. Comparative evaluation of these metals in three varieties of fish showed that average concentration of lead in sardines is about 4 times and Ni about 3 times higher as compared to tuna. Generally, the levels of these metals follow the order sardine > salmon > tuna. The data generated in the present study compared well with the similar studies carried out in different parts of the world. The results indicate that canned fish, in general and tuna in particular, have concentrations within permissible limits of WHO/FAO levels for these heavy metals. Therefore, their contribution to the total body burden of these metals can be considered as negligibly small.     

Selenium,total mercury and methylmercury in sardine: Study of molar ratio and protective effect on the diet

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the risk-benefit associated with canned sardine consumption, considering the selenium, the mercury and the methylmercury contents and the Se:Hg molar ratio and the Se-health benefit value (HBV) index. In this study, 63 canned sardine samples were purchased worldwide and for the determination of selenium and mercury species, the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and thermal decomposition and amalgamation atomic absorption spectrometry were employed. The mean results obtained for the Brazilian samples varied between 12.6 and 65.5?μg kg^?1 for Hg; <3.7 and 45.4?μg kg^?1 for methylmercury; 310 and 1370?μg kg^?1 for Se. The MeHg/Hg ratio showed that the most toxic forms of Hg (MeHg) is predominant in 52 and 39% of the Brazilian samples conserved in tomato sauce and in oil, respectively. Nevertheless, the Se-HBV index and the Hg:Se and Se:Hg molar ratios indicated that the selenium content in canned sardine samples is enough to provide a protective effect on the Hg species.     

PT—C18色谱预柱流动注射在线富集原子吸收测定环境样品中的铅

本文采用ＰＴ－Ｃ１８色谱预处理柱，以８－羟基喹啉为螯合剂，流动注射在线分离富集与原子吸收联机，成功地测定了环境样品中的铅。１ｍｉｎ富集（４．２ｍｌ）的检出限为７．５μｇ１＾－１，相对标准偏差１．７％。     

间接原子吸收法测定水中氯化物研究

本工作以Ｃｌ＾－与过量Ａｇ＾＋生成ＡｇＣｌ沉淀反应为基础，较详细地探讨了各种强电解质作为絮凝剂对ＡｇＣｌ沉淀的影响，确定了反应的条件，从而提出了一个测定水中Ｃｌ＾－的是接原子吸收法，Ｃｌ＾－浓度在０－５０μｇ／１０ｍｌ范围呈线性，用建立的方法测定自来水中Ｃｌ＾－，再现性与准确度俱佳，用本法测定废水中Ｃｌ＾－的结果与经典的比浊法，和离子色谱法的结果相符。