ASM3模型的改进和应用

以ASM3原理为基础,引入污染物迁移方程,并加入位移变量,建立了基于ASM3的改进活性污泥模型模拟系统。以序批式呼吸计量试验对ASM3中异养菌好氧产率系数YH1O2、异养菌好氧内源呼吸速率系数bH1O2、异养菌的最大比生长速率μH和自养菌的最大比生长速率μA等4个重要的模型参数进行了确定,其它参数采用IWA推荐的典型值对工艺试验进行模拟。通过对COD,NH4^＋-N以及NO3^- -N进行模拟,模拟结果和实测结果吻合较好。     

生物膜氧化沟污水处理性能的研究

生物膜氧化沟是在普通氧化沟内放置合适填料，使之成为活性污泥法与生物膜法相结合的混合污水处理工艺。本研究通过清水试验，选择出了生物膜氧人诉合适填料及其安装方式，并同时比较了生物膜氧化沟和普通氧化沟的传质效果，水流阻力、水力混合特性。通过污水试验，确定了生物膜氧化沟的填料最佳填充率。并比较了生物膜氧化沟和普通氧化沟的去除ＣＯＤ、ＳＳ、ＴＮ效率及两者的污泥性能。     

活性炭对海岛纤维开纤剥离废水中回收TA吸附效果的研究

采用活性炭吸附做为海岛纤维开纤剥离废水直接酸析前的预处理,净化废水,提高回收TA的品质。对工艺条件进行了系统研究。以酸值、光密度和灰分为考核指标,设计正交实验,得出因素影响水平为:活性炭投入量>吸附温度>吸附时间>振荡速度,分析各因素对回收TA性能的影响趋势,建立回归方程。同时建立活性炭对废水中COD,TA的吸附理论模型(Langinulr和Freundlich等温方程),结果表明Freundlich等温方程能较好反应此吸附过程。     

活性污泥膨胀上浮的原因分析与对策

污泥膨胀是活性污泥法污水处理的一个难题，尤其在处理高负荷的石化污水中。文章分析了引起污泥膨胀、上浮的主要原因，对引起污泥上浮的因素进行了探讨，提出了控制污泥膨胀、上浮的几种对策。     

活性污泥法快速培菌的探索与实践

介绍了一种快速培养、驯活性微生物的方法，大大缩短了微生物生长的停滞期，使活性污泥在培菌，驯化方面有了很大的改进，做到节约时间、降低成本、减轻培菌期间的环境污染，使活性污泥法更加快速，高效。     

Structural characteristic and ammonium and manganese catalytic activity of two types of filter media in groundwater treatment

Two types of filter media in groundwater treatment were conducted for a comparative study of surface structure and catalytic performance. Natural filter media was adopted from a conventional aeration–filtration groundwater treatment plant, and active filter media as a novel and promising filter media was also adopted. The physicochemical properties of these two kinds of filter media were characterized using numerous analytical techniques,such as X-Ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscope(SEM), energy dispersive X-ray(EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and Zeta potential. The catalytic activities of these filter media were evaluated for ammonium and manganese oxidation.XRD data showed that both active filter media and natural filter media belonged to birnessite family. A new manganese dioxide(Mn O2) phase(PDF#72-1982) was found in the structure of natural filter media. The SEM micrograph of natural filter media showed honeycomb structures and the active filter media presented plate structures and consisted of stacked particle. These natural filter media presented lower level of some trace elements such as calcium and magnesium, lower degree of crystallinity, lower Mn(III) content and lattice oxygen content than that of active filter media, which were associated with its poor ammonium and manganese catalytic activities. In addition, some γ-Fe2 O3 and Mn CO3 were found in the coating which may hinder the ammonium and manganese catalytic oxidation. This study provides a thorough and comprehensive understanding about the most commonly used filter media in water treatment, which can provide a theoretical guide to practical applications.     

SBR生化法在制革废水处理中的应用

结合实际工程经验,比较了几种常用的生化法在制革废水治理中的应用,对运用SBR生化法处理制革废水的工艺设计、运行管理进行了探讨,表明SBR生化法治理制革废水具有耐冲击性能佳,操作运行管理方便,建设成本和运行费用较低等优点。     

Variation in behavioral and hormonal responses of adult male gray-cheeked mangabeys (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lophocebus albigena</Emphasis>) to crowned eagles (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Stephanoaetus coronatus</Emphasis>) in Kibale National Park,Uganda

Intensive study of arboreal forest-dwelling primates and their predators in Africa is increasingly revealing that crowned eagles (Stephanoaetus coronatus) are major predators of primates. Gray-cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena) are overrepresented in the diets of crowned eagles in Kibale National Park, Uganda, and adult male mangabeys are represented more than females. We focused on the behavior of adult male gray-cheeked mangabeys living in social groups in Kibale National Park (1) to clarify the interactions between mangabeys and eagles that might put adult males at greater risk and (2) to better understand individual variation in behavioral responses to predators. Adult male mangabeys in five groups responded to observer-confirmed presence of crowned eagles 88 times over a 13-month period. While all males gave alarm calls, only the highest-ranking male in each of four groups chased eagles. These males had elevated levels of fecal cortisol metabolites in the days immediately after they engaged in active defense, suggesting that they perceived such behavior as risky. In the one group where male ranks were unstable and there were no infants, no male was observed to chase eagles. We suggest that males pursue the dangerous tactic of chasing eagles only when they are likely to have offspring in the group. Males in larger groups also spent less time alarm calling to crowned eagles (from first to last call in a group), and our observations confirmed that the duration of their alarm calls was related to eagle presence. Thus, eagles spent less time around larger mangabey groups. Alarm calling by adult male mangabeys may signal to this ambush predator that it has been detected and should move on.     

活性染料K-2BP在环境水体中的光解效应

研究了活性染料K－2BP在TiO2存在下的光催化氧化分解。结果表明,影响光解过程的主要因素是染料浓度、催化剂TiO2的用量和pH。实验条件下,染料样液脱色率可达90％以上,将该法用于实际印染废水的处理,光照6h,脱色率可达70％以上。     

防毒面具用活性炭的结构与特性研究

从研究活性炭所具有的孔隙结构出发,重点探讨防毒面具用活性炭的结构与防护性能的关系,明确了不同结构特性的活性炭对不同类型有毒气体防护机理与性能的差异,为科学选择防毒面具用活性炭提供了重要依据。文章还对体现活性炭孔隙结构的主要指标——孔容积的计算方法进行了探讨。