掺杂负载型纳米TiO2降解橙黄G的光催化活性及其动力学研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法和浸渍-焙烧法制备了掺杂Sn(Ⅳ)的TiO2/AC光催化剂,以偶氮染料橙黄G为目标降解物,对光催化反应条件进行了优化.结果表明:利用Sn(Ⅳ)掺杂量为2.5 at.%的TiO2/AC光催化剂,在进水浓度50 mg/L,催化剂的用量12.5 g/L,pH值2.0,H2O21.5 mL/L,主波长为365 nm的300W高压汞灯光照条件下,反应60 min,橙黄G的光催化去除率可达99.1%.该反应符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学方程,其速控步为吸附反应.共存阴离子SO42-和H2PO4-,对橙黄G的光催化降解反应均有一定的抑制作用.     

Mucolipidosis type IV: Accumulation of phospholipids and gangliosides in cultured amniotic cells. A tool for prenatal diagnosis

Cultured amniotic fluid cells from two mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV)-affected fetuses demonstrated accumulation of phospholipids and gangliosides when compared with normal controls. Like cultured skin fibroblasts from MLIV patients, cultured amniotic cells from the affected fetuses accumulated primarily lyso phospholipids and this could be demonstrated by radioactive labelling with appropriate precursors, either inorganic phosphate or oleic acid. Furthermore, like cultured skin fibroblasts, there was significant retention of exogenously supplied GDIA ganglioside in the affected amniotic cells. This storage was previously demonstrated to be unique to MLIV and thus can be used at present as a specific procedure for prenatal diagnosis of MLIV.     

基于COPERT模型的江苏省机动车时空排放特征与分担率

利用COPERT模型和Arc GIS技术建立了江苏省2015年1 km×1 km、小时分辨率的机动车网格化排放清单.采用改进的"标准道路长度"方法,利用路网信息以及拥堵延时指数的月变化、周变化和日变化数据提高清单的时空分辨率.基于COPERT模拟结果分析了分车型、排放标准以及道路类型的机动车污染物排放分担率.结果表明,江苏省2015年NOx、HC、CO、PM_(2.5)、SO_2、OM和BC的排放量分别为49.09、16.63、161.48、1.69、0.19、0.36和0.67万t,其中苏州和徐州排放量占比之和达34%~45%;HC蒸发排放量为2.02万t,占HC排放总量的12%;小型客车和摩托车对于HC和CO排放量的分担率最大,均超过30%;重型柴油货车对NOx、PM_(2.5)、SO_2、OM、BC的分担率在36%~54%之间,远高于其他车型;苏州和徐州的重型和中型柴油货车是NOx、PM_(2.5)的最主要排放源;国Ⅲ标准柴油车对NOx、PM_(2.5)、SO_2和BC的分担率均最大,在42%~55%之间;国Ⅲ标准重型柴油货车和国0标准中型柴油货车是全省NOx、PM_(2.5)、OM和BC的首要和次要贡献车型,两者分担率之和在40%~56%之间.国0标准摩托车对全省HC和CO排放的分担率较高,约为16%.     

辽宁省2000~2030年机动车排放清单及情景分析

机动车排放已经成为城市地区大气污染的主要来源.基于COPERT模型和ArcGIS技术,建立了2000~2030年辽宁省机动车排放清单,分析6类污染物（CO、NMVOC、NO_x、PM₁₀、SO₂和CO₂）排放的总体趋势与空间演变特征,同时以2016年为基准年,基于情景分析法设置8类控制措施情景并评估不同控制措施对污染物的减排效果.结果表明2000~2016年,机动车的CO、NMVOC、NO_x和PM₁₀排放量呈现先增后降的趋势,SO₂排放量呈现波动变化,而CO₂排放量则呈现持续增长态势.轻型载客车和摩托车是CO和NMVOC排放的主要贡献车型,重型载客车和重型载货车是NO_x和PM₁₀的主要排放源,SO₂和CO₂则主要是由轻型载客车排放.辽宁省中部及南部机动车排放量明显高于辽东和辽西.从城市层面来看,排放主要集中在沈阳市和大连市.情景分析表明,实施更加严格的排放标准可以增强减排效果,且升级排放标准的时间越提前减排效果越好.综合情景将实现减排最大化,强化综合情景对CO、NMVOC、NO_x、PM₁₀、CO₂和SO₂的削减率达到了30.7%、14.3%、81.7%、29.4%、12.3%和12.1%.     

臭氧/钛酸铋系化合物催化氧化降解橙黄Ⅳ的初步研究

采用化学溶液分解法制备了钛酸铋系化合物,并研究了其催化臭氧化降解橙IV(C18H14KN3O35)溶液的性能.结果表明,在Bi/Ti摩尔比12∶1、热处理温度550℃条件下制备的催化剂性能最优,其COD去除率达40.3%,比单独臭氧作用(20.3%)提高了1倍,并明显优于TiO2和Bi2O3的催化效果(分别为28.9%和21.4%).同时,考察了催化剂投量、橙Ⅳ初始浓度、臭氧投量、pH值、重复使用等反应条件对催化剂性能的影响.初步推断,此催化臭氧化反应为非羟基自由基的含氧自由基作用机理.     

北京市压缩天然气公交车的环境效果分析

经过对北京市2007年公交车队的详细技术构成与实际运营情况的调研,发现北京市公交车队的主力车型为国三和国四车辆,应用修正的COPERTIV模型计算出北京市各技术水平的汽油、柴油和压缩天然气(CNG)公交车的排放因子.2007年北京市国三CNG公交车PM2.5和NOx单车排放因子分别比国三柴油车削减了97%和30%,而公交车队中排放控制最为严格的EEV天然气公交车的PM2.5和NOx单车排放因子分别比国四柴油公交车削减了93%和69%.但由于CNG公交车的CH4排放水平较高,导致CNG公交车的总碳氢化合物(THC)单车排放因子显著高于相近控制水平的柴油公交车.在单车排放水平的基础上建立了北京市公交车排放清单,2007年北京市公交车排放的CO、NMHC、THC、NOx和PM2.5分别为9051t、955t、1222t、8553t和161t.与没有CNG公交车的对照情景进行比较,在使用了CNG公交车后,2007年北京市公交车CO、NMHC、NOx和PM2.5排放总量分别削减了293t、62t、775t和33t,削减比例分别为3.1%、6.1%、8.3%和17.2%.2007年北京市通过在公交车队中使用CNG车辆共减少了柴油消耗量约5.0×104t,相当于北京市各行业柴油总消耗量的2.6%.2007年北京市公交车尾气排放的温室气体的CO2当量为8.3×105t,比不使用CNG车辆的情景略微增加了2.4%.     

A kinetic model of Ti（IV）-catalyzed H2O2/O3 process in aqueous solution

A kinetic model for the Ti(IV)-catalyzed H₂O₂/O₃ process was established, and the experimental results demonstrated that the model could well describe this ozone-based oxidative system mathematically and chemically.     

Preparation,characterization and toxic activity of oxovanadium(IV) mixed-ligand complexes

New oxovanadium(IV) mixed-ligand complexes of the general composition [VO(L)(A)], where KHL?=?potassium salt of salicylideneglycine, A¹?=?bis(benzylidene)ethylenediamine, A²?=?bis (acetophenone)ethylenediamine, A³?=?di(2-pyridyl)amine, A⁴?=?bis(benzylidene)-1,8-diaminonaphthalene, A⁵?=?thiophene-o-carboxaldene-aniline, A⁶?=?thiophene-o-carboxaldene-p-anisidine, have been synthesized by the interaction of these ligands with vanadyl sulphate. The mixed-ligand complexes have been characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, magnetic measurements, electronic and infrared spectra. An octahedral structure has tentatively been assigned to all of the mixed-ligand complexes. The mixed-ligand complexes show higher toxic activity against the Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Serratia mercescen as compared to the ligands, vanadyl sulphate and control (dimethyl sulphoxide). The mixed-ligand complexes were also tested against a standard drug (tetracycline).     

农户沼肥还田决策行为及其经济效应评价

论文基于江苏省淮安市和连云港市沼气池使用户调查数据,运用Probit模型考察农户沼肥还田决策行为的影响因素,构建产出供给方程评价农户沼肥还田决策行为的经济效应。结果表明：沼气池使用天数越多、户主年龄越小、户主是村干部或农民专业合作社成员以及人均承包地越多的农户,越倾向于选择沼肥还田,而家庭总资产较少或较多的农户都不愿意选择沼肥还田。控制其他条件,农户沼肥还田可能性每增加1%,单位面积农地产值提高0.07%（10.81 元/hm²）,若研究区域沼气池使用户全部选择沼肥还田,单位面积农地产值将提高356.55元/hm²,具有一定的经济效应,倾向得分匹配方法（PSM）的稳健性分析进一步证实这一结论。目前中国沼肥还田率总体不高且没有规范的沼肥还田管理项目,进而提出鼓励沼气池使用户充分利用沼气池,提高农户沼肥还田积极性的政策建议。     

Iron-catalyzed oxidation of s(IV) species by oxygen in aqueous solution: Influence of pH on the redox cycling of iron

Redox cycling of Fe(II)/Fe(III) during the catalyzed aqueous S(IV) oxidation by dissolved oxygen in the presence of Fe(II) and/or Fe(III) at an initial pH_i of 4.4, often observed in atmospheric waters, was studied in detail. It has been found that the reaction rate is not considerably affected by the oxidation state of iron at the start of the reaction. An equilibrium between Fe(II) and Fe(III) was established a few minutes after the start of the reaction, regardless of the oxidation state of iron at the beginning of the experiment. The prevailing oxidation state of iron in a particular phase of the reaction depends on the concentration of S(IV) in the reaction solution. It has been found that the formation of polymerized hydroxo Fe(III) species is also included in the mechanism of the Fe-catalyzed oxidation of S(IV). The formation of these species was confirmed by the on-line measurement of Fe(II) and Fe_reac. The results also clearly demonstrate that the pH_i of the solution is a major factor, controlling the concentration of Fe(III) ions, the form of S(IV) species, and consequently the reaction rate of S(IV) oxidation by oxygen.