高浓度有机废水酵母菌低氧处理技术初探

在开放式环境中,在低氧条件(DO=0-0.2mg/L)下通过连续小试试验考察了利用酵母Candidatropicalis处理高浓度有机废水的可行性。54d低氧连续小试结果表明:进水COD、NH4+-N、TP浓度分别为11000～30000、1000、230mg/L时,其去除率分别为67%～88%,18%～68%,23%～68%,氮磷去除率取决于进水COD、TN、TP的水平。污泥微观形态观察表明反应柱内微生物基本上是酵母,但运行过程中优势酵母形态发生了变化。低氧(DO=0.1-0.4mg/L)和无氧条件下C.tropicalis批量培养试验表明污染物去除和酵母生长与氧的供给关系密切,低氧条件下C.tropicalis有很高的活性,能有效去除COD(去除率为91%);无氧条件则导致C.tropicalis生物量下降,COD去除率仅为12%。     

一株苯酚厌氧降解菌的选育及其降解苯酚的研究

从厌氧驯化的活性污泥中筛选到一株高活力苯酚降解菌,鉴定为白假丝酵母(Candida albicans),命名为PDY-07。该菌株能以苯酚为唯一碳源和能源。菌株PDY-07降解苯酚的最佳温度为35℃;pH值范围为6.9～7.1;菌株PDY-07耐受苯酚的能力可以达到2600mg/L。     

原生质体电诱导融合构建去除重金属的高效菌

研究了采用原生质体电融合技术构建高效的重金属去除菌;对影响电融合效率的几个参数,以及融合子的生长条件、除铬性能和遗传稳定性等方面进行了考察;确定了进行电融合的最佳条件,并选出 1株最好的融合株R32. 实验结果表明:R32不论是在处理低浓度还是高浓度的铬液时,其去除率和还原率都明显高于 2株亲本菌,处理低浓度含铬废水时,去除率和还原率可达到 100%;处理高浓度含铬废水(200mgL-1 )时,还原率仍可达 50%以上. 经过多次传代后,R32的除铬能力保持稳定. 当投菌量>10gL-1 (湿重)时,其去除率和还原率都在 80%以上. 正交实验结果显示,pH和Cu2 浓度对R32的生长影响都不大,这些特点都有利于R32在实际含铬废水处理中的应用. 图 4表 3参 14     

热带爪蟾胚胎在水质监测中的应用

分析了热带爪蟾胚胎用于水质监测的理论基础,综述了其在环境科学中的应用前景,总结评价了热带爪蟾胚胎用于水质监测的方法及应用实例,并讨论了其用于水质评价目前存在的问题.热带爪蟾是一种良好的模式生物,需要对其加强实际应用研究.     

酵母菌-细菌联合修复石油污染土壤研究

采用室内模拟方法研究热带假丝酵母菌(Candida tropicalis)和粪链球菌(Streptococcus faecalis)对石油污染土壤的联合修复,并监测修复过程中土壤脱氢酶活性、石油污染组分的变化. 结果表明:酵母菌-细菌混合菌剂在对石油烃的去除中表现出协同作用,连续培养32 d后混合菌处理组对总石油烃(TPH)的去除率达到29.9%,较单菌处理组高约50%;混合菌处理组脱氢酶活性高于单菌,并与石油烃去除率呈很好的相关性;前期低分子量烷烃降解效果明显,对于C15～C21的高分子量烷烃的降解效果主要在第32天时显现.      

用苎麻生物脱胶废水生产热带假丝酵母单细胞蛋白

采用热带假丝酵母处理苎麻生物脱胶废水。将COD为23 060 mg/L的苎麻生物脱胶废水稀释1倍后进行发酵处理,COD去除率最高,为60.85%。发酵条件的正交实验结果表明:在发酵温度为35℃、初始发酵pH为7.0、接种量为10%、发酵时间为48 h的条件下,苎麻生物脱胶废水COD去除率最高;发酵温度为30℃、初始发酵pH为7.0、接种量为10%、发酵时间为48 h的条件下,单细胞蛋白生成量最高。发酵时间为48 h时,灭菌的发酵培养基的COD去除率为75.75%,单细胞蛋白生成量为5.375 g/L;未灭菌的发酵培养基的COD去除率为72.25%,单细胞蛋白生成量为2.875 g/L。     

环境和营养条件对煤油生物降解的影响

研究了南极假丝酵母（Candida antarctica)JWSH-112降解煤油烃的影响因素。利用正交试验方法，确证了最优条件为煤油14（ψ/%），NaNO32.0gL61,NaH2PO40.1gL^-1，蛋白胨2.0gL^-1，初始pH6.5，其中蛋白胨是影响JWSH－112降解煤油烃的重要因素。采用优化后的条件进行验证实验，煤油烃的生物降解率（49．2％）和细胞生长质量浓度（1.9gL^-1)均加高于正交试验中的最高生物降解率（47．9％）和细胞生长质量浓度（1.5gL^-1)。通过气相色谱定性分析发现，生物降解后煤油中的部分组份消失或含量明显降低。图6表5参13     

Biosorption effects of copper ions on Candida utilis under negative pressure cavitation

Under the optimal condition of copper ions adsorption on yeast,we found some different effects among static adsorption, shaking adsorption and negative pressure cavitation adsorption, and the methods of yeast with different pretreatments also affect adsorption of copper ions. At the same time, the change of intercellular pH before and after adsorption of copper with BCECF was studied. The copper distribution was located by using PhenGreen （dipotassium salt and diacetate）, and the surface of yeast was observed by an atomic force microscope. The results showed that negative pressure cavitation can improve bioadsorption capacity of copper ions on yeast. However, the yeasts＇ pretreatment has a higher effect on bioadsorption. It indicates that heavy metal bioadsorption on yeast has much relation with its cellular molecule basis. With the adsorping, the intercellular pH of yeast increased gradually and changed from acidity to alkalescence. These results may suggest that negative pressure cavitation can compel heavy metals to transfer from the cell surface into inside cell and make the surface of yeast coarse.     

Bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil using Candida catenulata and food waste

Even though petroleum-degrading microorganisms are widely distributed in soil and water, they may not be present in sufficient numbers to achieve contaminant remediation. In such cases, it may be useful to inoculate the polluted area with highly effective petroleum-degrading microbial strains to augment the exiting ones. In order to identify a microbial strain for bioaugmentation of oil-contaminated soil, we isolated a microbial strain with high emulsification and petroleum hydrocarbon degradation efficiency of diesel fuel in culture. The efficacy of the isolated microbial strain, identified as Candida catenulata CM1, was further evaluated during composting of a mixture containing 23% food waste and 77% diesel-contaminated soil including 2% (w/w) diesel. After 13 days of composting, 84% of the initial petroleum hydrocarbon was degraded in composting mixes containing a powdered form of CM1 (CM1-solid), compared with 48% of removal ratio in control reactor without inoculum. This finding suggests that CM1 is a viable microbial strain for bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil with food waste through composting processes.     

Supramolecular complex formation,a possible antigenotoxic mechanism of glucomannan against aflatoxin B1

Abstract

Glucomannan is a highly branched polysaccharide with glycosidic linkages, constituted of mannoses and glucoses. In recent years, its usefulness due to its immunological, antioxidant and antimutagenic activity has been recognized. The aim of the study was to determine the antigenotoxic ability of glucomannan extracted from Candida utilis orally administered (100–700?mg/kg) to mice, which subsequently received 1?mg/kg aflatoxin B₁. Hepatocytes obtained from these animals 4–16?h post administration were examined by means of the comet assay. The antigenotoxic effect was found to be higher than that observed in previous studies with α-mannan and β-D-glucan isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae., In order to explore the possibility of formation of a supramolecular complex between glucomannan and aflatoxin B₁, both compounds were co-crystallized, their melting points determined, and the complex analyzed through ultraviolet spectroscopy. The spectroscopy data suggest that the protective effect of glucomannan is related to the formation of a supramolecular complex between the two compounds.