产业结构适应低碳经济要求调整研究——以大连市为例

发展低碳产业,符合经济发展的价值理念和趋势。通过低碳经济背景下大连产业结构调整的现状分析、针对大连市低碳产业的发展现实,构建了大连低碳经济产业体系的结构模型;随着大连市循环低碳的新型绿色产业体系的建立与完善,分别从制度、技术与文化3个层面提出大连产业结构调整适应低碳经济要求的应对策略。     

长三角地区低碳城市发展潜力分析

以分析城市低碳发展潜力为目标,确定了低碳潜力分析的指标。在分析了长江三角洲地区16个城市的社会经济特征和能量消耗特征的基础上,采用弹性系数的变化特征作为研究的重要工具,并用聚类方法对长三角地区16个城市的低碳经济发展潜力进行了聚类分析。从潜力特征发现各城市低碳发展过程中存在的问题,并对长三角地区低碳经济发展战略提出了建议。     

电厂二氧化碳捕集分离技术研究综述

电厂二氧化碳捕集与封存是二氧化碳减排措施研究热点,也是全球二氧化碳减排的重要任务之一,可分为物理吸附/吸收、化学吸收、物理-化学吸收、膜技术及生物技术等。其中物理吸附/吸收、化学吸收为电厂二氧化碳捕集主流技术。开发具有高选择性、高效率吸收剂及捕集技术,提高能源利用效率,合理布置尾部烟气脱碳处理设施是电厂二氧化碳捕集技术面临的挑战。     

喷雾塔中氨水吸收CO2的速率

为考察氨水细喷雾吸收CO2的能力,对喷雾塔中氨水细喷雾吸收CO2的反应过程进行了实验研究,测定了氨水吸收CO2的速率.实验结果表明,CO2的吸收速率随着氨水浓度、气体流量的升高而明显增大,随氨水流量升高也有所增加,CO2的吸收速率随CO2进口浓度的升高呈线性增加.当喷雾塔中温度低于40℃时,CO2的吸收速率随着塔内温度...     

碳源强化对人工湿地反硝化过程的影响研究

反硝化是人工湿地去除硝酸盐氮的主要机制,高含氮污水中低碳氮比是导致脱氮效果低的主要原因.研究了添加碳源对人工湿地反硝化过程的强化效果,结果表明,外界温度对湿地内的反硝化影响不大,而碳源则是重要的影响因素,对湿地投加碳源可以显著提高湿地的硝氮去除能力,在进水硝氮浓度25～45mg.L-1,24h水力停留时间的条件下,投加...     

Carbon labelling of grocery products: public perceptions and potential emissions reductions

Public perceptions of a UK carbon labelling trial were assessed via three focus groups. The public found it very difficult to make sense of labelled emissions values without additional information. There was also little evidence of a willingness to use labels for product selection. There is a strong case for using carbon reduction labels to indicate a programme of on-going emissions reductions, rather than expecting consumers to incentivise emissions reductions by actively choosing the lower carbon variant of two or more products. The normalisation issues and emissions reduction potential of carbon labelling are discussed.     

生物法处理含氮硫无机有机恶臭气体研究

生物滴滤塔处理含三甲胺(TMA)和二硫化碳(CS)2的双组分含氮硫无机有机混合恶臭气体的研究结果表明,生物法能有效去除含三甲胺和二硫化碳的混合恶臭气体,三甲胺(TMA)和二硫化碳(CS)2的去除效率分别可达99.8%、93.8%,生物脱臭装置对恶臭污染物的改变具有很强的适应性,对新恶臭污染物质的进入有较好的适应性,具有较好的抗冲击负荷性,运行稳定,能适应非连续性生产的要求。污染物之间没有明显的相互抑制作用,进气浓度的提高对三甲胺的生物降解效率影响微弱,对二硫化碳的生物降解效率影响较大。适宜空床停留时间为20.6 s,三甲胺去除几乎不受循环液pH变化的影响,二硫化碳的去除则在pH=7～8.3时较高。生物降解动力学研究表明,生物塔对三甲胺的最大去除能力优于二硫化碳,对二硫化碳的亲和力优于三甲胺。     

四氯化碳显色法测定溶解氧

本文介绍了一种测定溶解氧的新方法。此方法快速、准确、分析结果直观、适合应急监测。     

Development of novel absorbents for CO2 capture from blast furnace gas

In order to establish energy-saving technology for CO₂ capture from blast furnace gas, novel absorbents were developed in the laboratory and evaluated at a 1 t_CO2/d test plant. At first, CO₂ absorption and desorption behaviors of single-component amine solvents for simulated blast furnace gas (CO₂/N₂ = 20%/80%) were investigated through a screening test using a small scrubbing bottle. These amine solvents were additionally analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C NMR) spectroscopy and reaction calorimetry. The results of the laboratory experiments showed that there was a trade-off between absorption rate and enthalpy of absorption but some absorbents had unique features. For example, 2-isopropylaminoethanol (IPAE) had high absorption rate and small enthalpy of absorption. Then, new IPAE-based amine solvents (RITE solvents: RITE-A and RITE-B) were formulated and evaluated at the 1 t_CO2/d test plant. CO₂ regeneration energies of the RITE solvents were 3.3 and 3.1 GJ/t_CO2, respectively. With certain process conditions and plant specifications optimized, RITE-B was estimated to have the potential to achieve 2.5 GJ/t_CO2.     

Fragmentation drives tropical forest fragments to early successional states: A modelling study for Brazilian Atlantic forests

Land use leads to massive habitat destruction and fragmentation in tropical forests. Despite its global dimensions the effects of fragmentation on ecosystem dynamics are not well understood due to the complexity of the problem. We present a simulation analysis performed by the individual-based model FORMIND. The model was applied to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, one of the world's biodiversity hot spots, at the Plateau of São Paulo. This study investigates the long-term effects of fragmentation processes on structure and dynamics of different sized remnant tropical forest fragments (1-100 ha) at community and plant functional type (PFT) level. We disentangle the interplay of single effects of different key fragmentation processes (edge mortality, increased mortality of large trees, local seed loss and external seed rain) using simulation experiments in a full factorial design.Our analysis reveals that particularly small forest fragments below 25 ha suffer substantial structural changes, biomass and biodiversity loss in the long term. At community level biomass is reduced up to 60%. Two thirds of the mid- and late-successional species groups, especially shade-tolerant (late successional climax) species groups are prone of extinction in small fragments. The shade-tolerant species groups were most strongly affected; its tree number was reduced more than 60% mainly by increased edge mortality. This process proved to be the most powerful of those investigated, explaining alone more than 80% of the changes observed for this group. External seed rain was able to compensate approximately 30% of the observed fragmentation effects for shade-tolerant species.Our results suggest that tropical forest fragments will suffer strong structural changes in the long term, leading to tree species impoverishment. They may reach a new equilibrium with a substantially reduced subset of the initial species pool, and are driven towards an earlier successional state. The natural regeneration potential of a landscape scattered with forest fragments appears to be limited, as external seed rain is not able to fully compensate for the observed fragmentation-induced changes. Our findings suggest basic recommendations for the management of fragmented tropical forest landscapes.