New best estimates for radionuclide solid–liquid distribution coefficients in soils,Part 1: radiostrontium and radiocaesium

Best estimates for the solid-liquid distribution coefficients (K_d) of radiostrontium and radiocaesium for various soil types, were derived from geometric means (GM) calculated from grouping soils by texture and organic matter content, and also using soil cofactors governing soil–radionuclide interaction. The K_d (Sr) GM for Sand, Loam, Clay and Organic groups were similar, although the value for the Sand group was significantly lower. The Sr cofactor approach, based on the ratios of cation exchange capacity (CEC) to Ca and Mg concentrations in the soil solution, leads to K_d (Sr) GM with a lower variability, from which best estimates could be proposed. The K_d (Cs) GM for Sand and Organic groups differed, although similar values were obtained for Loam and Clay groups. Grouping the K_d (Cs) according to the Radiocaesium Interception Potential (RIP) and the RIP divided by the K concentration in the soil solution also allows to suggest K_d (Cs) best estimates with a lower variability.     

天然高分子改性阳离子絮凝剂的合成及其性能与机理的研究

以天然高分子物Ｆ６９１粉为原料，合成了一种新型阳离子絮凝剂ＦＮＱＤ。研究表明：在ＮａＯＨ／Ｆ６９１质量比１、穹剂／Ｆ６９１质量比１．５，反应温度５０℃、反应时间３ｈ条件下，ＦＮＱＤ具有优导的絮凝性能。当ＰＨ＝７、投加量３ｍｇ／１时，ＦＮＱＣＤ对市内悬浊度去除率〉９５％，絮凝性能明显优于ＰＡＭ－Ｃ。机理表明ＦＮＱＤ与胶体颗粒间的镶嵌式引力和ＦＮＱＤ分子链的半刚性结构是ＦＮＱＤ具有优异的絮凝性能和良好     

自制阳离子淀粉作絮凝剂的初步研究

介绍了阳离子淀粉的制备,并做了阳离子淀粉对垃圾渗滤液的絮凝实验,其效果和现今常用的高分子絮凝剂PAM相比无太大的差别。阳离子淀粉有较好的生物降解性能,且价格低廉、相信会有广阔的应用前景。     

阳离子高分子絮凝剂P(DMC-AM)与无机絮凝剂复配处理制革废水研究

将阳离子高分子絮凝剂P(DMC-AM)与5种无机絮凝剂进行复配,对制革水进行絮凝处理,优化出P(DMC-AM)与无机絮凝剂的最佳复配方案。采用最佳复配方案,进行了絮体回用效果实验,为P(DMC-AM)絮凝剂在水处理中的应用提供了重要的科学依据。     

淀粉改性阳离子絮凝剂的制备及其絮凝性能研究

以淀粉─丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物为母体．加入阳离子化试剂，合成了阳离子型改性高分子絮凝剂FNQE。以高岭土悬浊液为处理体系，探讨了FNQE的絮凝性能，结果表明FNQE投加量4mg／L时即有理想的絮凝除浊效果，处理水上清液剩余浊度可降至3．ZNTU．其性能明显优于均聚型丙烯酰胺。对城市污水及饮食业污水的絮凝实验表明．投加量6～10mg／L时．FNQE对浊度、色度的去除率均在90％以上，COD去除率也在75％～80％以上。     

淀粉接枝阳离子絮凝剂的制备及性能研究

主要利用化学方法对环氧氯丙烷和胺类进行阳离子改性获得阳离子醚化剂,然后与碱化后的淀粉接枝制得一种絮凝性能良好的有机高分子阳离子絮凝荆,并对所得产品作了絮凝性能实验。由实验得知该絮凝剂对悬浮细小颗粒有很好的去除效果,如高岭土溶液（1g／L）产生矾花时间较短,加入絮凝剂后搅拌3min左右即可产生明显絮体,且絮体较大,静置后透光率达90％以上。     

Application of a green coagulant with PACl in efficient purification of turbid water and its mechanism study

The applications of natural polymeric flocculants due to their green feature has been recently received much more attention. In this work, the combined usages of a cationic starch-based coagulant and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) were extensively evaluated for various addition sequences in the coagulation of both raw (surface water from the Jiuxiang River) and synthetic turbid water (two kaolin suspensions with different initial turbidities). Two typical cationic starch-based coagulants with different structures (St-G and St-E) were tried. In comparison to St-G, St-E and PACl used individually as well as St-G and St-E dosed after PACl, the combination of the starch-based coagulants fed before PACl showed higher turbidity removal efficiency, which featured not only less optimal doses of both inorganic and organic coagulants but also lower residual turbidity. On the basis of a detailed analysis of the particle size and its distribution in solution supernatants before and after coagulation by two starch-based coagulants and PACl, polymeric coagulants preferentially coagulate the small-sized colloids due to their distinct long-chain structures, but PACl preferentially coagulates the medium-sized ones. Thus, the medium-sized particles that were previously formed by the starch-based coagulants would be collectively and effectively removed by the subsequent addition of PACl. The addition sequence of the inorganic and organic coagulants in their combined usage is an important factor for improvement of the turbidity removal efficiency in practice.