Computerised Decision Support Systems for the management of freshwater radioecological emergencies: assessment of the state-of-the-art with respect to the experiences and needs of end-users

Assessment of the environmental and radiological consequences of a nuclear accident requires the management of a great deal of data and information as well as the use of predictive models. Computerised Decision Support Systems (CDSS) are essential tools for this kind of complex assessment and for assisting experts with a rational decision process. The present work focuses on the assessment of the main features of selected state-of-the-art CDSS for off-site management of freshwater ecosystems contaminated by radionuclides. This study involved both developers and end-users of the assessed CDSS and was based on practical customisation exercises, installation and application of the decision systems. Potential end-users can benefit from the availability of several ready-to-use CDSS that allow one to run different kinds of models aimed at predicting the behaviour of radionuclides in aquatic ecosystems, evaluating doses to humans, assessing the effectiveness of different kinds of environmental management interventions and ranking these interventions, accounting for their social, economic and environmental impacts. As a result of the present assessment, the importance of CDSS “integration” became apparent: in many circumstances, different CDSS can be used as complementary tools for the decision-making process. The results of this assessment can also be useful for the future development and improvement of the CDSS.     

苏州高新区静脉产业循环经济发展的对策

以循环经济3R原则的理念,剖析了苏州高新区静脉产业存在的问题。深入分析了苏州高新区静脉产业发展循环经济的对策。为其按循环经济的规律运行作了有益的探索,也为其循环经济的顺利开展提供了科学依据。     

典型区域汞污染问题及其污染防治对策研究——以贵州省万山区为例

汞矿资源开采利用在带来经济效益的同时,也给当地环境造成不利影响。当前中国汞矿开采典型区域贵州省万山区的历史遗留汞污染问题已给汞矿区生态环境和人体健康带来巨大的风险。文章概括了万山区的汞污染现状,分析了万山区汞污染治理存在的主要问题,并有针对性地提出了相应的对策建议,以期为万山区和中国其他典型区域历史遗留汞污染问题的解决提供参考。     

城市“热岛”的时空分布特征与盛夏防暑降温对策

从城市“热岛”形成的原因和时空分布的特征出发 ,探讨了夏季城市防暑降温所应该采取的措施。     

内蒙古自治区密封放射源现状、存在问题及对策

本文论述了为深入贯彻《中华人民共和国放射性污染防治法》，由国家环保总局、公安部、卫生部在全国开展的“清查放射源，让百姓放心”专项行动。内蒙古自治区按照专项行动的要求，完成了对全区放射源数量、种类、行业分布、放射源分类及废放射源收贮情况的汇总工作。并对目前放射源安全管理存在的问题，提出了对策和建议。     

同安区工业固体废物管理现状及防治对策

阐述了厦门市同安区工业固体废物的环境管理现状，分析其原因，并就辖区工业固废污染防治工作提出了对策措施。     

港口施工噪声污染特性及防治对策研究

本文对港口建筑施工噪声的污染特性进行了分析，介绍了施工噪声的预测方法，并提出了防治对策建议。     

试论我国危险废物的无害化控制

对我国危险废物污染控制存在的问题及其原因作出分析，提出了应加强危险废物无害化控制的观点与对策。     

福清龙江水污染现状及控制对策

龙江是福建省福清市的一条集发电、防洪、灌溉、游览、城市供水排水于一体的重要河流,根据福清市环境监测站对龙江1996至2002年连续七年的水质监测数据和环保部门环境统计数据进行了总结,采用综合污染指数和分担率评价方法,找出主要污染因子和类型,分析了龙江水质污染的现状、特点及其污染趋势,提出了控制龙江水污染的对策建议.     

辽宁饮用水源状况及保护对策

本文论述了饮用水源现状和变化趋势，进行了饮用水源水质超标的成因分析，并从加强饮用水源地保护区划，做好水源上游地区水环境保护，开展农村饮用水源污染防治规划工作，加强面源污染控制等方面，提出了饮用水源水质保护的对策。