浅谈A/O生物脱氮工艺的设计计算

本文论述了A/O生物脱氮工艺的特点,讨论了A/O工艺的合理设计问题,并介绍了用于计算A/O生物脱氮效率、缺氧池、好氧池及需氧量的公式.     

富营养化水体中内源磷负荷的有效控制

介绍了国内外内源磷控制的主要措施和目前研究现状，并对各种控制措施进行了评价，提出了选择的依据。     

人体力学应用问题

较系统地阐述了人体力学的内涵、生理基础，各种力学作业（搬运、负重）的力学特征．改善力学负荷，提高工效的成就。还具体阐述了人体力学对于提高人类从事体力作业的工效的作用与意义，对其推广应用将会起到积极作用。     

Selective dissolution of critical metals from diesel and naptha spent hydrodesulphurization catalysts

The petroleum refining industry makes extensive use of catalysts, containing critical metals, such as, Mo, Co and Ni, for the desulphurization of various oil fractions. The selective recovery of these metals from two uncrushed and at low temperature calcined industrial hydrodesulphurization (Mo---Co/Al₂O₃ and Mo---Ni/Al₂O₃---SiO₂) catalysts was studied, applying a two-step alkali-acid procedure. Fundamental kinetic aspects of the process, such as, reaction time, leaching reagents concentration and reaction temperature, were studied. Recoveries up to 97% for Mo and up to 92% for Co or Ni in separate solutions were achieved, using low cost and easily available reagents, such as sodium hydroxide and sulphuric acid.     

用影响负荷分析法研究峨眉山风景保护区大气污染控制的对策

传统的大气污染评价方法是以Pi/Pio为基础,用于特殊环境的大气污染控制存在一定的缺陷,本文提出影响负荷分析法,是建立在大气污染物输送扩散的基础上的,并用以研究峨眉山风景保护区大气污染控制的对策,其结论更为科学合理。     

A national critical loads framework for atmospheric deposition effects assessment: I. Method summary

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), with the assistance of the US Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is examining the utility of a critical loads approach for evaluating atmospheric pollutant effects on sensitive ecosystems. A critical load has been defined as, “a quantitative estimate of an exposure to one or more pollutants below which significant harmful effects on specified sensitive elements of the environment do not occur according to present knowledge.” Working in cooperation with the United Nations Economic Community for Europe’s (UN-ECE) Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP) Convention, the EPA has developed a flexible, six-step approach for setting critical loads for a range of ecosystem types. The framework is based on regional population characteristics of the ecosystem(s) of concern. The six steps of the approach are: (1) selection of ecosystem components, indicators, and characterization of the resource; (2) definition of functional subregions; (3) characterization of deposition within each of the subregions; (4) definition of an assessment end point; (5) selection and application of models; and (6) mapping projected ecosystem responses. The approach allows for variable ecosystem characteristics and data availability. Specific recognition of data and model uncertainties is an integral part of the process, and the use of multiple models to obtain ranges of critical loads estimates for each ecosystem component in a region is encouraged. Through this intercomparison process uncertainties in critical loads projections can be estimated. The research described in this article has been funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency. This document has been prepared at the EPA Environmental Research Laboratory in Corvallis, Oregon, through contract #68-C8-0006 with Man Tech Environmental Technology, Inc. It has been subjected to the agency’s peer and administrative review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorse ment or recommendation for use.     

STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COAL-MINE DISCHARGES ON WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA REMINING SITES1

ABSTRACT: Under an approved remining program, a coal mine operator can remine abandoned sites without legally assuming treatment responsibilities of the previously degraded water, as long as these discharging waters are not further degraded. Determination of discharge degradation caused by remining of abandoned coal mines requires knowledge of mine water quality and discharge flow rate characteristics both before and after remining. Normality tests performed on the water quality and flow data from 57 mine discharges indicate generally nonnormal distributions and extreme right-skewness. Exploratory data analysis (notched box-and-whisker plots) of the differences among medians indicates that the water quality of underground mines was more highly degraded in terms of acidity, iron, and sulfate concentrations than that from surface mines. Spearman's rank correlation tests, normality testing, and exploratory data analysis indicate that discharge flow rate is the primary controlling factor on the variability of pollution load rate. Reduction of recharge from the surface and adjacent unmined strata should decrease the mine discharge flow rate and in turn the pollution load.     

水污染物总量分配方法研究

综述了国内外水污染物总量分配的各种方法，对我国总量分配发展方向进行了探讨。     

螺旋板载荷试验探讨

螺旋板载荷试验因能旋入地面以下一定深度进行试验而广泛应用于深层地基土及地下水位以下地基土的承载力测试,根据螺旋板载荷试验的原理,经与平板裁荷试验对比,螺旋板载荷试验同样适用于浅层地基土,螺旋板面积的大小对试验成果影响不大,螺旋板载荷试验确定的承载力不再进行深度修正。     

原有路基荷载作用对加宽工程路基沉降变形的影响分析

基于工程实例和数值模拟,分析了高速公路加宽工程中,原有路基荷载作用引起的软基性质改善对路基沉降变形的影响机理。研究表明:新、老路基的沉降变形均受软基性质改善的影响;软基性质改善改变了新路基荷载在老路地基中引起的附加应力分布,这种附加应力的改变也对老路基的沉降产生影响,而传统的计算方法不能考虑附加应力的变化对沉降的影响;对比考虑与不考虑老路基荷载作用的影响,新路基的沉降量会不同,这种沉降差异随路基高度、新路基宽度以及软基厚度的增加而逐渐增大,但老路基的沉降差异只受软基深度的影响。