Clogging processes caused by biofilm growth and organic particle accumulation in lab-scale vertical flow constructed wetlands

The accumulation of organic matter in substratum pores is regarded as an important factor causing clogging separately in the subsurface flow constructed wetlands. In this study, the developing process of clogging caused by biofilm growth or organic particle accumulation instead of total organic matter accumulation was investigated in two groups of lab-scale vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs), which were fed with glucose (dissolved organic matter) and starch (particulate organic matter) influent. Results showed that the growth of biofilms within the substratum pores certainly caused remarkable reduction of e ective porosity, especially for the strong organic wastewater, whereas its influence on infiltration rate was negligible. It was implied that the most important contribution of biofilm growth to clogging was accelerating the occurrence of clogging. In comparison with biofilm growth, particles accumulation within pores could rapidly reduce infiltration rate besides e ective porosity and the clogging occurred in the upper 0–15 cm layer. With approximately equal amount of accumulated organic matter, the e ective porosity of the clogged layer in starch-fed systems was far less than that of glucose-fed systems, which indicated that composition and accumulation mode in addition to the amount of the accumulated organic matter played an important role in causing clogging.     

First-trimester prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis using fibroblasts from a deceased index child to establish haplotypes

First-trimester prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) using linked DNA markers is usually only possible if there is an index affected child to establish the haplotype of the parental chromosomes. We describe a prenatal diagnosis where fibroblasts, cultured from the skin of a deceased affected child and then held in frozen storage for 3 years, were used as the starting point for tracking the CF gene. The fetus was diagnosed as a homozygous normal and the diagnosis confirmed by immunoreactive trypsin testing after birth. It was also possible to establish heterozygosity in the aunt of the affected child.     

Amylo-1,6-glucosidase activity in cultured cells: A deficiency in type III glycogenosis with prenatal studies

Deficiency of amylo-1,6–glucosidase activity was expressed in parallel in liver and skin fibroblasts from a patient with type III glycogenosis. In crude extracts of control liver and muscle, amylo-1, 6–glucosidase (M.W. 164000) was identified by immunoprecipitation; no cross-reacting material was found in the patient's liver. Assay of amylo-1,6–glucosidase activity in cultured skin fibroblasts from the affected family revealed less than 10 per cent of control value in mutant homozygous cells whereas in cells from the parents, activity was reduced to 40–60 per cent of the control value. Activity in cultured amniotic fluid cells was similar to that of control fibroblasts. In cultured amniotic fluid cells obtained during the mother's subsequent pregnancy, the normal amylo–1,6–glucosidase activity measured, predicted correctly the outcome of this pregnancy prior to the 20th week of gestation.     

微生物传感器测定水中BOD的研究进展

详细介绍了BOD微生物传感器的构造、基本工作原理以及微生物膜的制备和固定化技术;分析了近年来BOD微生物传感器的发展情况及其使用过程中的存在问题。根据BOD传感器的研究现状提出今后的研究方向和工作重点。     

小分子物质双(3-氨基丙基)胺对废水混合菌落生物膜形成抑制效应

研究了小分子物质双(3-氨基丙基)胺对混合菌落生物膜形成抑制及解体效应机制,并探讨了利用双(3-氨基丙基)胺减缓膜表面生物污染的可行性.结果表明,双(3-氨基丙基)胺能有效抑制混合菌群微生物附着和生物膜形成,抑制作用随浓度的升高而增强.经过双(3-氨基丙基)胺处理(131 mg·L~(-1))24 h,生物膜形成抑制率达到74.61%.这种抑制效果不是通过杀菌方式产生而是通过抑制微生物中胞外多糖和e DNA含量产生.经双(3-氨基丙基)胺处理后,胞外多糖和eDNA分别下降了39.37%±2.68%和70.05%±2.93%.双(3-氨基丙基)胺对已经形成的生物膜也有一定解离作用.对于预培养12 h的生物膜,双(3-氨基丙基)胺(131 mg·L~(-1))处理10 h,解体率为23.59%.另外双(3-氨基丙基)胺可减缓膜过滤过程中膜孔堵塞速度,降低膜压,缓解由微生物引起的膜污染问题,在环境膜污染控制方面具有潜在应用价值.     

Bacteriological challenges to asbestos cement water distribution pipelines

Asbestos cement (AC) pipes were commonly installed in the drinking water distribution systems from the mid 1920s to the late 1980s. In recent years, an increase in the number of water main breaks has occurred in the AC portions of some pipe networks, which can be partially attributed to the corrosion of the aged pipes. This study evaluated the potential role that microorganisms may have played in the degeneration and failure of AC pipes. In this study, a fresh AC pipe section was collected from the distribution network of the City of Regina, Canada and examined for microbiological activities and growth on inside surfaces of pipe sample. Black slime bacterial growths were found to be attached to inner pipe surfaces and a distinctively fibrous internal coating (patina) with iron oxides was formed over the time. The microbial populations inside the patina and the black slime were tested with BART(tm) testers. Heterotrophic aerobic bacteria (HAB) and slime forming bacteria (SLYM) dominated in both the black growths and inside the patina. Iron related bacteria, denitrification bacteria and sulfate reducing bacteria were also commonly present. Microbial challenge assays were conducted by submerging the cut segments of the AC pipe into selected bacterial cultures for a period of 10 days under both aerobic and anaerobic environments. Weight changes were determined and the surface morphology was examined for each of the assayed pipe segments. Results indicated that acid producing bacteria, SLYM and HAB could facilitate the pipe weight loss under anaerobic environments.     

三级生物膜深度处理腈纶废水生化出水的脱氮研究

针对腈纶废水生化出水用传统脱氮工艺深度脱氮时碳源不足的问题,采用三级生物膜反应器作为深度处理装置,研究了反应器的启动及进水pH、水力停留时间(HRT)、进水氨氮(NH4+-N)浓度对NH4+-N去除率的影响并确定其最佳运行条件及最佳条件下总氮(TN)的去除效果.结果表明,在HRT为24 h,进水pH为7.8～8.0条件下反应器对NH4+-N和TN的去除效果最佳,平均去除率分别为94.6%和53%;且进水NH4+-N浓度对其去除效果没有明显影响;反应器在不投加有机碳源情况下,对TN有明显去除效果,平均去除率53%,最高去除率达66%,表明三级生物膜反应器深度处理腈纶废水时脱氮效果明显.