Screening the phytoremediation potential of desert broom (Baccharis sarothroides Gray) growing on mine tailings in Arizona, USA

The metal concentrations in a copper mine tailings and desert broom (Baccharis sarothroides Gray) plants were investigated. The metal concentrations in plants, soil cover, and tailings were determined using ICP-OES. The concentration of copper, lead, molybdenum, chromium, zinc, arsenic, nickel, and cobalt in tailings was 526.4, 207.4, 89.1, 84.5, 51.7, 49.6, 39.7, and 35.6mgkg(-1), respectively. The concentration of all elements in soil cover was 10-15% higher than that of the tailings, except for molybdenum. The concentration of copper, lead, molybdenum, chromium, zinc, arsenic, nickel, and cobalt in roots was 818.3, 151.9, 73.9, 57.1, 40.1, 44.6, 96.8, and 26.7mgkg(-1) and 1214.1, 107.3, 105.8, 105.5, 55.2, 36.9, 30.9, and 10.9mgkg(-1) for shoots, respectively. Considering the translocation factor, enrichment coefficient, and the accumulation factor, desert broom could be a potential hyperaccumulator of Cu, Pb, Cr, Zn, As, and Ni.     

模拟矿井水中部分离子对蚕豆遗传性损伤的研究

用矿井水作蚕豆微核实验,讨论了F^-、Hg^2＋和Cr^6＋单一及复合污染对蚕豆微核的影响。结果表明,F^-、Hg^2＋和Cr^6＋单一污染均对微核产生显著影响,随着氟化物浓度和Cr6＋浓度的增加,微核率呈上升趋势;随着Hg^2＋和Cr^6＋浓度增加,微核率呈先上升后下降的趋势。两因子方差分析显示,F^-和Hg^2＋复合污染对蚕豆微核率有显著影响。     

淮南矿业集团谢桥煤矿矿井水资源化利用

随着淮南矿业集团谢桥煤矿的发展,矿区生产和生活用水量日趋紧张,解决缺水问题的有效途径是合理开发利用矿井水资源。在此论述了煤矿矿井水资源化的必要性,给出了矿井水处理工艺流程、主要建（构）筑物、主要设备等,说明了开发利用矿井水资源具有良好的社会、环境和经济效益。     

矿井水微量油处理工艺试验研究

通过矿井水微量油处理工艺试验,研究了混凝剂和吸附剂的最佳投加量、PAC和PAM的最佳配比、吸附接触时间等技术参数与矿井水中微量油的去除率之间的关系。实验结果表明：混凝剂PAC与PAM最佳投加量的质量浓度分别是200mg／L和2mg／L;只投加吸附荆颗粒活性碳,微量油的去除率不高,其最佳投加量质量浓度为40mg／L;吸附接触时间对微量油去除率的影响不大;采取混凝、沉淀、过滤、吸附复合工艺,矿井水中微量油的去除率能达到96％,出水清澈,浊度≤2NTU。     

大山包湿地景观保护与开发的对策研究

针对大山包湿地的保护价值及其在黑颈鹤保护中的重要地位,提出了如何合理进行湿地景观的保护与开发,以确保湿地生态系统可持续性发展。     

矿山地质灾害高分辨率遥感监测方法研究——以北京市房山区史家营煤矿为例

以北京市房山区史家营煤矿为研究对象建立了矿山地质灾害高分辨率遥感监测方法与技术流程。它是在建立矿山地质灾害遥感识别标志的基础上,对高分辨率数据进行空间分辨率融合和信息增强,利用"已知推未知"的工作思路,对多种地质灾害类型进行识别与提取;结果表明,高分辨率遥感图像和"3S"技术在矿山地质灾害监测中发挥着重要作用;对矿山地质灾害诱因的建模分析结果表明,人工采矿活动是导致矿山地质灾害发生的最直接原因,构造、岩性和坡度等是矿山地质灾害发生的重要因素。因此,加强矿山非法采矿的遥感监测与治理,注重对已采矿区的回填和管理是矿山地质灾害治理的关键。     

Hydrogeochemical and mineralogical characteristics related to heavy metal attenuation in a stream polluted by acid mine drainage: A case study in Dabaoshan Mine, China

Dabaoshan Mine, the largest mine in south China, has been developed since the 1970s. Acid mine drainage (AMD) discharged from the mine has caused severe environmental pollution and human health problems. In this article, chemical characteristics, mineralogy of ocher precipitations and heavy metal attenuation in the AMD are discussed based on physicochemical analysis, mineral analysis, sequential extraction experiments and hydrogeochemistry. The AMD chemical characteristics were determined from the initial water composition, water-rock interactions and dissolved sulfide minerals in the mine tailings. The waters, affected and unaffected by AMD, were Ca-SO₄ and Ca-HCO₃ types, respectively. The affected water had a low pH, high SO₄^2- and high heavy metal content and oxidation as determined by the Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ couple. Heavy metal and SO₄^2- contents of Hengshi River water decreased, while pH increased, downstream. Schwertmannite was the major mineral at the waste dump, while goethite and quartz were dominant at the tailings dam and streambed. Schwertmannite was transformed into goethite at the tailings dam and streambed. The sulfate ions of the secondary minerals changed from bidentate- to monodentate-complexes downstream. Fe-Mn oxide phases of Zn, Cd and Pb in sediments increased downstream. However, organic matter complexes of Cu in sediments increased further away from the tailings. Fe³⁺ mineral precipitates and transformations controlled the AMD water chemistry.     

河北省陶一煤矿矿山地质环境质量评价

矿山地质环境质量评价是当前矿山地质环境领域研究的一个热点课题。在野外调查的基础上,选取资源毁损、地质灾害、环境污染三个要素,根据煤炭资源破坏与浪费、土地资源破坏与压占、水资源破坏与浪费、崩塌与滑坡、地面塌陷与地裂缝、水土流失、土壤污染、水污染等8个指标,采用要素指标加权分值综合评价方法,对河北省陶一煤矿进行了矿山地质环境质量评价。得出该矿地质环境质量较好。     

煤矿开采矿山地质环境问题类型和特征探讨

我国煤炭资源赋存丰富且条件复杂,历年开采引发或加剧众多矿山地质环境问题。本文以煤炭资源开发各环节活动及开采形式为基础．分析和探讨了煤矿建设和生产对矿山地质环境的影响,探讨了问题类型及特征,并给出了不同开采形式对矿山地质环境影响的关系,并提出了矿山地质环境问题防治工作进一步开展的几点建议,对我国发展绿色、高效矿山有一定促进作用。     

Marine Organisms as Indicators of Heavy Metal Pollution-Experience from 16 Years of Monitoring at a Lead Zinc Mine in Greenland

In monitoring the impact of a lead-zinc mine in Greenland, species of fish, prawns, seaweed and mussels have been analysed for cadmium, copper, lead and zinc for several years. These metals have been released to the marine environment in significant amounts from the mining operation.