装备快速封存技术中的传感器配置研究

以某型封存装甲装备为例,利用计算流体力学(CFD)技术,对封装装甲装备动态除湿过程中的装备内部温湿度场分布情况进行了仿真研究,结合装备封存技术的特殊要求提出了封存装备状态检测中传感器配置的原则和方法,并给出了装备快速封装技术中传感器配置的操作方法,实验表明该方法具有很强的操作性,为进一步深入研究快速封装技术奠定了基础.     

自生动态膜-生物反应器结构优化的研究

针对自生动态膜-生物反应器内部结构进行了动力学运行的理论分析,通过能量平衡机理对自生动态膜-生物反应器体系进行了讨论,基于体系总能耗最小的原理推导出液相循环流动方程.建立的混合液流速与清水流速之间的关系模型可以很好地反映混合液流速与清水流速之间的关系.通过建立的清水流速测定方法得出反应器结构与清水膜面错流流速之间的关系：调整降流区横截面积(A_d)与底部通道截面积(A_b)的比值为0.7以及升流区横截面积(A_r)与顶部通道截面积(A_u)的比值为0.9,调整降流区横截面积与升流区横截面积的比值在1.2～1.5范围内以及增加反应器的有效高度H_D都可以在不改变曝气强度的条件下增加膜面错流速度,此结果与推导出的循环流动方程可以很好地吻合.     

药用蕈菌姬松茸液体培养的菌丝形态学特征

在液体分批培养体系中,研究了药用蕈菌姬松茸Agaricus blazei悬浮菌丝物的形态多样性及其生长特征.A.blazei菌丝物形态由初始的"分枝菌丝物"(Ⅰa与Ⅰb)演变成"絮簇菌丝物"(Ⅱa与Ⅱb),进而成为 "颗粒菌丝物"(Ⅲa与Ⅲb).对于以上空间构象,作者提出了"菌丝自由度"概念.它从菌丝物立体结构上,描述了菌丝物内菌丝处在不同疏松度微环境中的空间特征,可表示为F=V/M=∑Ni=1(ΔV)i/∑Ni=1(ρ*ΔV)i=N/(ρ1+……+ρN),培养试验中,分别比较了2 d、5 d与8 d的摇瓶种液菌龄,以及氮源辅助基质D1 为50 g L-1与100 g L-1时对悬浮菌丝物生长的影响;同时,还比较了ALR/ff反应器结构的特征参数 "回流区高度比值h/H" (内导流筒高度h与液面高度H之比)改变时A.blazei的生长情况.结果表明,絮状(Ⅱa、Ⅱb)菌丝物具有较高的生长能力,良好的生长过程与生长单元具有较高F值有关. 图9 参18     

A virtual test system representing the distribution of pedestrian impact configurations for future vehicle front-end optimization

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to define a computationally efficient virtual test system (VTS) to assess the aggressivity of vehicle front-end designs to pedestrians considering the distribution of pedestrian impact configurations for future vehicle front-end optimization. The VTS should represent real-world impact configurations in terms of the distribution of vehicle impact speeds, pedestrian walking speeds, pedestrian gait, and pedestrian height. The distribution of injuries as a function of body region, vehicle impact speed, and pedestrian size produced using this VTS should match the distribution of injuries observed in the accident data. The VTS should have the predictive ability to distinguish the aggressivity of different vehicle front-end designs to pedestrians.

Methods: The proposed VTS includes 2 parts: a simulation test sample (STS) and an injury weighting system (IWS). The STS was defined based on MADYMO multibody vehicle to pedestrian impact simulations accounting for the range of vehicle impact speeds, pedestrian heights, pedestrian gait, and walking speed to represent real world impact configurations using the Pedestrian Crash Data Study (PCDS) and anthropometric data. In total 1,300 impact configurations were accounted for in the STS. Three vehicle shapes were then tested using the STS. The IWS was developed to weight the predicted injuries in the STS using the estimated proportion of each impact configuration in the PCDS accident data. A weighted injury number (WIN) was defined as the resulting output of the VTS. The WIN is the weighted number of average Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 2+ injuries recorded per impact simulation in the STS. Then the predictive capability of the VTS was evaluated by comparing the distributions of AIS 2+ injuries to different pedestrian body regions and heights, as well as vehicle types and impact speeds, with that from the PCDS database. Further, a parametric analysis was performed with the VTS to assess the sensitivity of the injury predictions to changes in vehicle shape (type) and stiffness to establish the potential for using the VTS for future vehicle front-end optimization.

Results: An STS of 1,300 multibody simulations and an IWS based on the distribution of impact speed, pedestrian height, gait stance, and walking speed is broadly capable of predicting the distribution of pedestrian injuries observed in the PCDS database when the same vehicle type distribution as the accident data is employed. The sensitivity study shows significant variations in the WIN when either vehicle type or stiffness is altered.

Conclusions: Injury predictions derived from the VTS give a good representation of the distribution of injuries observed in the PCDS and distinguishing ability on the aggressivity of vehicle front-end designs to pedestrians. The VTS can be considered as an effective approach for assessing pedestrian safety performance of vehicle front-end designs at the generalized level. However, the absolute injury number is substantially underpredicted by the VTS, and this needs further development.     

区域大气环境容量及其区域配置研究

以重庆市涪陵区为例,在了解区域大气环境功能区划及区域大气环境质量现状的前提下,采用A-P值法,对涪陵区十三五期间大气环境容量进行研究,并对辖区内的污染负荷进行预测,在此基础上,对大气污染总量控制指标进行分配.研究结果表明,在涪陵区化工园区的二氧化硫排放量已达到或超过总量控制指标,需要制定削减计划,新兴工业园区污染物排放量虽远小于总量控制指标,但根据城市发展规划需进行结构优化与合理布局.     

提金含氰废水中电沉积铜的热力学分析

从热力学角度,结合有关热力学原理,利用热力学数据,计算出电沉积铜在常温及非常温下的标准电极电位φ0T,同时分析了铜与锌共沉积的有关热力学条件,为处理含氰废液电沉积铜提供了理论依据。      

电动生物修复中电极矩阵的优化设计

对电动生物修复中单对电极间的电场分布进行了模拟,并以此定义了修复的有效作用区.通过旋转叠加的方式,求出了各种电极矩阵构型的有效作用区分布,最后筛选出2种优化的电极构型,并通过小型实验加以验证.理论优化和实验结果表明,“中”字形和六边形分别是不同旋转方式下最优的电极构型.采用这2种电极构型,可节省电极材料费,同时保持系统的稳定性和污染物去除的均匀性,因而具有良好应用前景.     

地震分析预报网络信息管理与服务系统

概述了地震分析预报网络信息管理与服务系统 (APNET)的系统构成、系统设置及其功能特点。该网络最大的特点是大量的工作都在后台自动运行完成 ,并具有完善的信息认证系统 ,实现了数据的自动备份和允许特定用户群通过WWW访问和浏览等。     

灭火器配置点及数量的设计

具有火灾的危险场所,配备一定数量的灭火器具,是以备万一发生火灾时,能够在第一时间内将火灾扑灭,将火灾损失降到最低的投资最少、但却是最有效的措施.介绍了易发火灾危险场所灭火器配置点和数量的设计原则、过程和方法,并举例进行了设计.     

循环流化床烟气脱硫塔入口结构改进的数值模拟

采用商用Fluent软件提供的k-ε湍流模型对循环流化床脱硫塔内部流场进行了数值模拟,重点考察入口结构对脱硫塔内气相速度分布均匀性的影响,并用速度不均匀度定量描述了流场的均匀性。结果表明,当前使用90°弯管进气结构的脱硫塔内部流场存在明显的不均匀性,主要是入口处气流90°转向造成的。为此采用组合弯管进气结构代替90°弯管进气结构,以改善脱硫塔内流场不均匀性。入口结构改为组合弯管进气结构后,脱硫塔内流场不均匀性得到很大改善,速度分布的不均匀度明显减小,因此组合弯管进气结构有利于烟气与脱硫剂的充分混合反应,提高脱硫效率。