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181.
SuKyoung Kim Youngil Cho Kazuhisa Niki Toshimasa Yamanaka 《International Journal of Sustainable Engineering》2016,9(6):378-389
Due to the changes and complications of emerging society, designers are required not only to know about their design values, but also understand the link between their design and the impacts on the users. This paper aims to show a Kansei focused proposition for sustainable behaviour. By investigating the relationship between Subjective Preference (Like-Dislike) and product evaluation, it shows how affective values, which are used in Kansei engineering researches, influence user’s preferences. In this study, it was considering (1) various factors of product (e.g. the view variation and blackness of products), and (2) Reality Sets (Uninominal–Binominal). Car-front-face, car-side, car-multi-aspect (as Uninominal Reality Sets) and combinations of car front and side (as Binominal Reality Sets) were used as stimuli. The experiment consists of item screening and product evaluation. Subjects were participated in both. The aim of item screening was at selecting subjectively preferred/non-preferred images. Images, which were screened through item screening, were reconciliated per subject. The aim of product evaluation was at investigating if Subjective Preference has related to product evaluation. Semantic Differential method was used as product evaluation method. Evaluation values were preference, aesthetic and pleasure. The findings shows: (1) Subjective Preference is related to product evaluation independently in Uninominal Reality Sets, whereas Subjective Preference is related to product evaluation dependently in Binominal Reality Sets (2) partial preferred images influence product evaluation in Uninominal Reality Sets, whereas Binominal Reality Sets do not influence it. 相似文献
182.
183.
In this paper, black rice husk ashes (BRHAs), which are agrowastes from an electricity generating power plant and a rice mill, were ground and used as a partial cement replacement. The durability of mortars under sulfate attack including expansion and compressive strength loss were investigated. For parametric study, BRHA were used as a Portland cement Type 1 replacement at the levels of 0%, 10%, 30%, and 50% by weight of binder. The water-to-binder ratios were 0.55 and 0.65. For the durability of mortar exposed to sulfate attack, 5% sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) solutions were used. As a result, when increasing the percentage replacement of BRHA, the expansion and compressive strength loss of mortar decreased. At the replacement levels of 30% and 50% of BRHA, the expansion of the mortars was less than those mixed with sulfate-resistant cement. However, the expansion of the mortars exposed to Na2SO4 was more than those exposed to MgSO4. Increasing the replacement level of BRHA tends to reduce the compressive strength loss of mortars exposed to Na2SO4 attack. In contrary, under MgSO4 attack, when increasing the replacement level of BRHA, the compressive strength loss increases from 0% to 50% in comparison to Portland cement mortar. Results show that ground BRHA can be applied as a pozzolanic material to concrete and also improve resistance to sodium sulfate attack, but it can impair resistance to magnesium sulfate attack. 相似文献
184.
Peter J. Martin Author Vitae Author Vitae John F. Culvenor Author Vitae Author Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2009,40(1):13-19
Problem
This study evaluated the effect of introducing a No Lifting policy on back injuries to nurses, across an entire health care system.Methods
Methods included: analysis of the data for all public health agencies in the Australian state of Victoria; compensation data from the Victorian Workcover Authority; data about workforce and program implementation from a retrospective survey of agencies; longitudinal analysis of standardized workers compensation claim rates for back injuries before, during and after the intervention.Results
A statistically significant decline in back injury claim rates during implementation contrasted with no statistically significant trends within the periods before and after the intervention. A statistically significant reduction occurred in mean quarterly standard back injury claim incidence rates per 1,000 equivalent fulltime nursing staff (EFTNS), representing a 24% reduction in standard back injury claims/1000 EFTNS.Discussion
Ergonomics principles encourage changing the work environment to suit the worker. This approach delivered a significant improvement in the immediate term.Impact of industry
The substantial decline in back injury rates signifies a major improvement in the safety of a critical aspect of the work environment for nurses. 相似文献185.
Amid growing effort to move towards implementation of climate change adaptation, serious interest is emerging about how to use indicators and metrics (I&M) to evaluate adaptation success. Cities are among the leading experimenters developing I&M, but many other entities also view I&M as a tool for providing clarity and accountability about the goals and progress of adaptation. The current landscape of this work is scattered: I&M examples, frameworks, and guidance documents reflect motivations, contexts, and approaches as diverse as the field of adaptation itself. This study systematically surveys the “growth industry” of I&M, including a special focus on I&M approaches developed for cities anywhere and by US cities in particular. We classify these I&M efforts into four domains: those developed in academia, by program sponsors, boundary organizations, and on-the-ground implementers. With attention to theory on (program) evaluation and on science-practice interaction, we reveal a broad range of I&M evaluation purposes and collaboration practices. We conclude that evaluation of adaptation progress and effectiveness – if it is to usefully inform the work of cities or other implementers – would benefit from greater attention to the best practices and guidance offered in the related, but largely still separate, fields of evaluation and science-practice interaction. 相似文献
186.
以辐射环境监测作为环境监管基础,提出了辐射环境监测能力评估体系以及评估指标,并对全国省级环保系统辐射环境监测机构的能力进行了初步统计分析,为提高我国辐射环境监测能力,掌握目前辐射环境监测能力和核与辐射应急能力提供依据。 相似文献
187.
Chapman LJ Newenhouse AC Pereira KM Karsh BT Meyer RM Brunette CM Ehlers JJ 《Journal of Safety Research》2008,39(2):215-224
PROBLEM: Fresh market berry production workers are exposed to physical risk factors for musculoskeletal injury. METHOD: We disseminated information through trade publications and other sources to berry managers in seven U.S. states about five prevention through design practices that were both safer and more profitable than traditional methods. We administered mail evaluation questionnaires prior to the intervention and after each of four intervention years to rolling, independent U.S. samples and to comparison New Zealand berry farm manager samples after years one through three. RESULTS: U.S. manager self-reports of reading trade publication information increased compared to baseline values for two of five practices and self-reported awareness increased for four of five practices. There were no increases in adoption. More U.S. than New Zealand managers reported getting information about two practices from trade publications and about four practices from public events. No U.S. versus New Zealand differences were observed in reported awareness or adoption for any practice. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: This study showed that even a modest campaign can build awareness of safer practices fairly quickly in three to four years among small agricultural firms but that increasing adoption apparently requires more time. Widespread adoption of safer practices could help keep operators in business longer as they age by reducing the workload and musculoskeletal strain associated with labor intensive crop production for them and their workforce. Adoption of practices that also improve profits, like the five practices featured in this study, could also help managers stay in business. 相似文献
188.
P. Zanis E. Katragkou I. Tegoulias A. Poupkou D. Melas P. Huszar F. Giorgi 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2011,45(36):6489-6500
This study aims to evaluate near surface ozone simulated with the modelling system RegCM3/CAMx against ozone measurements from the EMEP database for the recent decade 1991–2000. The RegCM3/CAMx simulations were performed on a 50 km × 50 km grid over Europe driven either by ERA-40 reanalysis (hereafter referred as ERA simulation) or the global circulation model (GCM) ECHAM5 (hereafter referred as ECHAM simulation). A set of statistical metrics is used for the model evaluation, including temporal correlation coefficient, the ratio of the standard deviations and the bias of simulated versus observed values. Overall, a good agreement is found for both ERA and ECHAM simulations at the majority of the selected EMEP stations in all metrics throughout the year based either on monthly or daily ozone values. Based on these results, it is assessed that the modelling system RegCM3/CAMx is suitable to be used for present and future regional climate-air quality simulations with emphasis on near surface ozone. The ERA simulations reproduce more accurately the observed ozone values in comparison to ECHAM simulations because the meteorology of the ERA experiment is closer to real atmospheric conditions than the GCM based experiment. On a seasonal basis, both ERA and ECHAM simulations exhibit a seasonally dependent bias, with winter and spring ozone values being generally under-estimated by the model and summer and autumn values being slightly overestimated. This seasonally dependent bias is also evident from median and peak midday ozone values. However, the highest observed midday ozone peaks in summer, with values higher than 80 ppbv, could not be captured either by ERA or ECHAM simulations. An analysis of day-time and night-time ERA and ECHAM modelled ozone values shows that CAMx performs better during the day-time. 相似文献
189.
Management effectiveness evaluation has been recognized as an important mechanism for both reporting on and improving protected
area management. The Convention on Biological Diversity’s program of work on protected areas calls on all countries to implement
such systems. In 2004, the first whole of system assessment of park management effectiveness, based on the IUCN-WCPA Management
Effectiveness Evaluation Framework, was undertaken in New South Wales, Australia as part of a State of the Parks reporting
requirement. This article describes the development of the State of the Parks assessment tool, its elements, and how it addresses
the management effectiveness difficulties associated with assessments conducted across an extensive and diverse range of park
types. The importance of engaging staff, at all levels, throughout the process is highlighted, as well as the adjustments
made to the assessment tool based on staff feedback. While some results are presented, the main purpose of the article is
to identify and discuss important procedural and methodological considerations. These include balancing quantitative and qualitative
assessment approaches, achieving a comprehensive understanding of the management processes, and responding to any problems
associated with assessments. 相似文献
190.
Mónica Rodríguez-Freire Rafael Crecente-Maseda 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2008,13(1):35-51
In view of the extensive information available on wolf ecology and habitat suitability, and on the fragmentation of wolf populations
by motorways and similar infrastructures, a key factor in their conservation, the aim of the present study was to model the
directional connectivity of wolf populations in the region of Galicia in northwest Spain, and to quantify anthropogenic effects
on wolf dispersal patterns. To this end, we map the probability of wolf movement by means of known relationships between wolf
movement and anthropogenic, vegetation and topographic factors. The relative importance of each factor was quantified by sensitivity
analyses. Three types of cost surface were constructed: (a) isotropic surfaces, (b) anisotropic cost surfaces taking into
account terrain slope effects in the movement, and (c) surfaces obtained by combining the isotropic and anisotropic surfaces.
The results obtained by approaches (a) and (c) indicate that one of the region’s motorways (the AP-9) probably acts as a significant
barrier to wolf movement, possibly isolating two subpopulations, while the remaining motorways probably do not have major
effects on dispersal. Estimation of lowest-cost routes for wolf displacement allowed identification of areas critical for
connectivity, in which it would be of interest to perform detailed studies with more precise input data on motorway course
and the location of drainage channels and underpasses, etc. (these being the factors identified by sensitivity analysis to
be those with the most marked effects on the cost surfaces). The visualization of connectivity enabled by this approach will
allow wolf management and conservation efforts to be focused on critical areas: such efforts might include measures aimed
to encourage wolf dispersal through areas in which conflict with human activity is minimized, thus contributing positively
to the management of a socially conflictive species. Finally, evaluation of the different cost surfaces suggests that it would
be of interest to introduce two modifications to the anisotropic algorithm, to allow the user to weigh the importance of the
different input factors, and to allow the inclusion of more than one anisotropic factor in the model. 相似文献