混凝沉淀+A/O+曝气生物滤池工艺处理沙棘加工废水工程实践

以河北某沙棘加工企业的沙棘生产废水处理工程为例,通过技术经济比选,确定采用"混凝沉淀+A/O+曝气生物滤池"处理工艺,并对工艺特点进行了说明,介绍了主要处理构筑物及其设计参数,对该工程运行后的环境效益和社会效益进行分析。运行结果显示,系统出水的ρ(COD)、ρ(SS)、ρ(BOD5)和ρ(NH3-N)平均值分别为42,7.5,8.5,1.1 mg/L,满足GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A排放标准要求,既可以改善伊逊河水质,又有利于企业自身的可持续发展。     

环境中双酚A污染现状及其对孤独症患儿神经免疫系统的毒性作用研究

孤独症(Autism spectrum disease,ASD)是一种小儿广泛性的发育障碍.尽管ASD病因目前尚无最终定论,普遍接受的观点是,ASD同时受到遗传和环境因素两方面的作用,而近年ASD发病率的爆发式增长已明显偏离了哈代-温伯格平衡,这提示环境污染很可能是导致发病率异常增快的罪魁祸首,是更值得我们关注的因素.针对该问题,综述了新型污染物双酚A在环境中的污染状况以及空气、水与日常食物中双酚A污染的水平,探讨了人体双酚A暴露的途径以及环境中双酚A污染对ASD患儿神经免疫系统的影响.提出了应加强对环境中双酚A污染的调查研究,开展人体双酚A暴露的潜在风险评估,为保证居民尤其是婴幼儿的健康提供科学依据.     

短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化组合工艺深度处理垃圾渗滤液

为解决垃圾渗滤液中高浓度污染物对微生物的毒性抑制、生物处理出水有机物或氮不达标及投加碳源成本高的问题,采用UASB(上流式厌氧污泥床)-A/O(缺氧/好氧)反应器-ANAMMOXR(厌氧氨氧化反应器)工艺,通过短程硝化-ANAMMOX(厌氧氨氧化)深度处理实际垃圾渗滤液与生活污水混和液(体积比为1∶10),其ρ(COD_Cr)、ρ(NH₄+-N)和ρ(TN)分别为(750±30)(290±10)和(300±10)mg/L,试验共进行90 d. 结果表明:COD_Cr、NH₄+-N和TN的去除率分别为88%±1%、95%±1%和91%±1%,最终出水质量浓度分别为(67±5)(15±2)和(35±5)mg/L,满足GB 16889—2008《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》的排放要求. A/O反应器中的ρ(FA)(FA为游离氨)在0.21～1.38 mg/L之间,可抑制NOB(硝酸细菌),使AOB(氨氧化细菌)成为优势菌种,从而实现并维持NO₂--N积累率(70%～96%)较高的短程硝化,继而在ANAMMOXR中通过ANAMMOX去除残余NH₄+-N和NO₂--N,实现系统对氮的深度去除.      

Preparation of iodine doped titanium dioxide to photodegrade aqueous bisphenol A under visible light

Highly photoactive iodine-doped titanium dioxide (I-doped TiO₂) photocatalysts were synthesized to degrade aqueous bisphenol A (BPA) under irradiation by visible light and sunlight. The band gap energies of TiO₂ and I-doped TiO₂ (I/Ti mole ratio = 0.5%) were 3.01 and 3.04, and the BPA photodegradation rate constants were 1.61, and 5.11 h⁻¹, respectively. The most probable reaction mechanism was proposed to involve IO₄⁻ and IO₃⁻ as electron acceptors that generate an inductive effect, increasing the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO₂. Results indicated that I-doped TiO₂ not only acted favorably as a photocatalyst, but also exhibited considerable mineralization effects. In addition, a recycling test after ten experiments demonstrated the stability and reusability of the photocatalyst.     

氧化沟型A~2/O工艺设计改造

根据某化工工业园产生的高浓度工业废水特点,通过分析污水处理厂原传统型A2/O工艺存在的问题,对原有工艺进行改造。改造后运行结果表明:氧化沟型A2/O工艺对COD、NH3-N、TP的去除率分别达到57.26%、76.94%、98.36%,生化系统出水水质指标达GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准。     

The first metagenome of activated sludge from full-scale anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A2O) nitrogen and phosphorus removal reactor using Illumina sequencing

The anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A2O) process is globally one of the widely used biological sewage treatment processes. This is the first report of a metagenomic analysis using Illumina sequencing of full-scale A2O sludge from a municipal sewage treatment plant. With more than 530,000 clean reads from different taxa and metabolic categories, the metagenome results allow us to gain insight into the functioning of the biological community of the A2O sludge. There are 51 phyla and nearly 900 genera identified from the A2O activated sludge ecosystem. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Nitrospirae and Chloroflexi are predominant phyla in the activated sludge, suggesting that these organisms play key roles in the biodegradation processes in the A2O sewage treatment system. Nitrospira, Thauera, Dechloromonas and Ignavibacterium, which have abilities to metabolize nitrogen and aromatic compounds, are most prevalent genera. The percent of nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism in the A2O sludge is 2.72% and 1.48%, respectively. In the current A2O sludge, the proportion of Candidatus Accumulibacter is 1.37%, which is several times more than that reported in a recent study of A2O sludge. Among the four processes of nitrogen metabolism, denitrification related genes had the highest number of sequences (76.74%), followed by ammonification (15.77%), nitrogen fixation (3.88%) and nitrification (3.61%). In phylum Planctomycetes, four genera (Planctomyces, Pirellula, Gemmata and Singulisphaera) are included in the top 30 abundant genera, suggesting the key role of ANAMMOX in nitrogen metabolism in the A2O sludge.     

KOH对富铁富硫酸盐酸性环境中生物成因次生铁矿物合成的影响

生物成因次生铁矿物的高效合成对处理以富铁富硫酸盐为典型环境特征的酸性矿山废水具有重要的工程指导意义.本研究通过细菌培养实验,在富铁富硫酸盐环境(改进型9K液体培养基)中,考察了KOH对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌(A.ferrooxidans)催化合成次生铁矿物过程中体系p H、Fe2+氧化率、总Fe沉淀率及次生铁矿物矿相的影响.结果表明,A.ferrooxidans在改进型9K培养基(对照处理)中培养72 h后,p H从原始的2.50下降至2.34,而在对照处理分别加入3.3、6.7与13.4 mmol·L-1KOH的处理体系中培养72 h后,p H却分别降低至2.27、2.15与2.10.同时,KOH的加入能够在一定程度上加速Fe2+的氧化速率及总Fe的沉淀效率.例如,培养至24 h,加入3.3、6.7和13.4 mmol·L-1KOH的处理体系较对照体系Fe2+氧化率分别提高了12.1%、20.3%和23.2%.培养至72 h,加入3.3、6.7和13.4 mmol·L-1KOH的处理体系较对照体系总Fe沉淀率分别增加了26.0%、60.4%和71.8%.通过分析加入6.7 mmol·L-1KOH或3.3 mmol·L-1K2SO4处理体系上述参数的变化情况,可以得出,KOH加速体系酸化、提高Fe2+氧化率及总Fe沉淀率是K+与OH-联合作用所致.本研究不同体系所得次生铁矿物均为黄铁矾与施氏矿物共存的混合物,然而,KOH引入的K+或OH-均有利于体系无定型施氏矿物向晶型黄铁矾类矿物转化.研究结果可为次生铁矿物生物合成及其在酸性矿山废水治理领域的应用提供必要的参数支撑.     

Isolation, identification and characterization of an algicidal bacterium from Lake Taihu and preliminary studies on its algicidal compounds

In an effort to identify a bio-agent capable of controlling cyanobacterial blooms, we isolated a bacterial strain, A27, which exhibited strong algicidal activity against the dominant bloom-forming species of Microcystis aeruginosa in Lake Taihu. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain belongs to the genus Exiguobacterium. This is the first report of an algicidal bacterial strain belonging to the genus Exiguobacterium. Strain A27 exhibited algicidal activity against a broad range of cyanobacteria, but elicited little or no algicidal activity against the two green algal strains tested. The algicidal activity of strain A27 was shown to be dependent on the density of the bacteria and to have a threshold density of 1.5× 10⁶ CFU/mL. Our data also showed that the algicidal activity of strain A27 depended on different growth stages of Microcystis aeruginosa (exponential ≈ lag phase > early stationary) rather than that of the bacterium itself. Our results also suggested the algicidal activity of strain A27 occurred via the production of extracellular algicidal compounds. Investigation of the algicidal compounds revealed that there were at least two different algicidal compounds produced by strain A27. These results indicated that strain A27 has great potential for use in the control of outbreaks of cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Taihu.     

厌氧水解酸化-好氧氧化Ａ1/Ａ2/O工艺剩余污泥减量对系统运行效果的影响

在碱减量印染废水Ａ₁/Ａ₂/O生物处理系统中,利用污泥回流可以实现对剩余污泥的有效减量.剩余污泥回流到Ａ₁段,增加了Ａ₁段中污泥的有机负荷,却提高了系统对COD的去除率.在Ａ₁段COD容积负荷2.54 kg/(m³·d)、水力停留时间为9.45 h和7.56 h条件下,Ａ₁段COD的去除率分别由15.9％提升至23.9％,12.3％提升至22.8％.在进水COD浓度1 000 mg/L、Ａ₁段COD容积负荷2.54 kg/(m³·d)、进水色度450倍、系统温度30℃条件下,Ａ₁段出水色度有污泥回流时较无污泥回流下降30％以上,系统出水的色度比无污泥回流时降低30％左右.回流剩余污泥使Ａ₁段出水pH略低于无污泥回流的情况,但对Ａ₂段和O段pH值影响不大.在有剩余污泥回流的系统中,系统各段出水的SS浓度均比无回流系统大.长期污泥回流会造成系统内难生物降解物质的积累,必须适时地进行排泥、气水冲刷等恢复系统污泥活性的措施.