Assessing field vulnerability to phosphorus loss in Beijing agricultural area using Revised Field Phosphorus Ranking Scheme

Guanting Reservoir,one of the drinking water supply sources of Beijing,suffers from water eutrophication.It is mainly supplied by Guishui River.Thus,to investigate the reasons of phosphorus(P)loss and improve the P management strategies in Guishui River watershed are important for the safety of drinking water in this region.In this study,a Revised Field P Ranking Scheme(PRS)was developed to reflect the field vulnerability of P loss at the field scale based on the Field PRS.In this new scheme,six factors are included, and each one was assigned a relative weight and a determination method.The affecting factors were classified into transport factors and source factors,and,the standards of environmental quality on surface water and soil erosion classification and degradation of the China were used in this scheme.By the new scheme,thirty-four fields in the Guishui River were categorized as"low","medium"or"high"potential for P loss into the runoff.The results showed that the P loss risks of orchard and vegetable fields were higher than that of corn and soybean fields.The source factors were the main factors to affect P loss from the study area.In the study area,controlling P input and improving P usage efficiency are critical to decrease P loss.Based on the results,it was suggested that more attention should be paid on the fields of vegetable and orchard since they have extremely high usage rate of P and high soil test of E Compared with P surplus by field measurements,the Revised Field PRS was more suitable for reflecting the characteristics of fields,and had higher potential capacity to identify critical source areas of P loss than PRS.     

畜禽粪便污染负荷及风险评估——以杭州市为例

针对规模化畜禽养殖业发达地区畜禽粪便引发的重金属和可溶性盐污染负荷重等问题,以杭州市为例,分析了杭州市各区县由畜禽粪便引起的氮、磷污染负荷.同时,通过空间分析与基于土壤盐分和重金属累积模型的模拟预警分析,评估了畜禽粪便农用过程中对温室土壤次生盐渍化和重金属累积的潜在影响.结果表明,杭州市畜禽粪便氮磷污染负荷分布不均,以...     

加强环境保护 推动经济发展方式转变

《国民经济和社会发展十二五规划纲要》(简称《十二五规划纲要》)中明确提出要把加快转变经济发展方式作为十二五规划的主线,把建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会作为加快转变经济发展方式的重要着力点。这表明《十二五规划纲要》对环境保护在加快转变经济发展方式中发挥的作用高度重视,环境保护促进经济发展方式转变的特征将更加明显。     

城市引领气候变化行动

近年来,全球应对气候的焦点都被放在了国家层面,几乎没有成功达成任何协议或推进任何行动.与之形成鲜明对比,很多城市正在努力地开展风险评估,并制定温室气体减排目标并承诺采取实际行动.作为超过50%世界人口的     

Individual and combined toxic effects of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos on earthworm

Toxicities were assessed for a pyrethroid (cypermethrin) and an organophosphate insecticide (chlorpyrifos) individually and in combination. A series of tests were conducted on di erent responses (acute, chronic, behavioral) of earthworms of species Eisenia fetida andrei in the ecological risk assessment of these pesticides. The results showed that the toxicity of the mixture of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos was significantly higher than either of these pesticides individually, especially on the earthworm’s chronic responses. At a concentration of 5 mg/kg, the mixture caused significant reductions on the growth and reproduction rates of earthworms, but did not cause any significant e ect when the individual was tested. The increase in toxicity of the pesticide mixture means that the use of toxicity data obtained exclusively from single-pesticide experiments may underestimate the ecological risk of pesticides that actually present in the field.     

化学品风险评估制度建设进展和建议

化学品风险评估是化学品管理的核心科学依据和主要技术手段,构建化学品风险评估制度对我国加强化学品管理具有重要意义。总结了国际上化学品风险评估制度体系在法规制度建设、指南、模型和数据库开发、风险评估实践等方面的进展和经验,分析了我国化学品风险评估在制度建设、指南标准、科学研究和信息收集方面取得的进展和存在的问题,提出了从立法制度建设、技术体系构建、基础能力建设和调查监测完善等方面建设我国化学品风险评估制度的建议。     

基于网络层次分析法的石油化工设施安全风险评估

为评估石油化工设施的安全风险,提出了一种基于网络层次分析法的安全风险评估模型。在构建石油化工设施安全风险网络层次分析模型的基础上,采用Saaty标度法对安全风险参数进行量化,利用SD软件对安全风险参数进行排序。仿真结果表明,网络层次分析法考虑了安全风险参数之间的相互作用和相互影响,能改进基于线性组合关系的递阶层次分析模型的不足,评估结果可为石油化工企业制定安全风险管理措施提供决策依据。     

污染影响了健康,证据呢？

@大林崔：风险管理,重点是特征污染物。当前环境与健康风险不断加大,环保问题很容易发展为社会问题甚至政治问题,必须通过风险管理,从特征污染物的产生、排放、暴露控制等方面降低其致害风险。@文迪姐姐：制定环境与健康基准,只要有10年以上的数据积累,就完全可以实现。这甚至可以成为地方执政者的绩效考核标准。@绿色水滴2013：近年来,我国突发环境事件持续上升,环境风险比较突出,迫切需要开展环境基准和风险评估研究。@污染的健康很寂静：健康风险管理,核心是风险管理,重点是健康风险评估,要不然又是白忙活。     

合肥市大气颗粒物PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)中PAHs的污染特征及健康风险评估

以夏、秋、冬三个季节合肥大气颗粒物PM10和PM2.5中PAHs为研究对象,通过采样、测定与分析,得出如下结论:合肥市大气PM10和PM2.5中PAHs的浓度季节变化特征明显,冬季秋季夏季。夏季PM10中不同环数PAHs的分布规律与该季PM2.5不同,而秋冬季则相同,分布规律都是5~6环4环2~3环。通过采用BaP毒性当量法对PAHs进行健康风险评估,发现合肥大气PM10和PM2.5中PAHs的BEQ值除了夏季低于国家标准限值外,秋、冬季节均高于国家标准限值和国际标准限值。     

污染场地系列环保标准发布

正环境保护部近日批准发布了《场地环境调查技术导则》(HJ 25.1-2014)、《场地环境监测技术导则》(HJ 25.2-2014)、《污染场地风险评估技术导则》(HJ 25.3-2014)、《污染场地土壤修复技术导则》(HJ 25.4-2014)和《污染场地术语》(HJ