遗产廊道旅游价值评价体系构建及其应用研究——以古运河江苏段为例

遗产廊道是目前保护线性文化遗产的一种新趋势。我国拥有丰富的线性文化遗产，准确地评价其旅游价值，对于有效保护和合理开发利用文化遗产资源，具有重要意义。本文基于遗产廊道自身的特殊性和整体性，尝试从廊道资源条件、区域社会条件、廊道生境条件和旅游保障条件及发展潜力等方面建立遗产廊道旅游价值评价指标体系，旨在从廊道整体效应出发评价其旅游价值。并运用层次分析法（AHP）和德尔非法（Delphi）相结合的方法，确定指标体系各因子的权重。并以古运河江苏段为例进行实证研究。评价结果与古运河江苏段实际情况基本吻合，说明本文构建的评价指标体系具有一定的科学性和可信度。     

基于卫星和地面监测的河西走廊O3浓度时空分布及潜在源区分析

基于2005~2020年OMI遥感卫星O₃柱浓度数据,结合河西走廊地区10个国控点环境自动监测站大气污染物数据和全球资料同化系统（GDAS）气象资料,利用克里金插值法、相关性分析和后向轨迹（HYSPLIT）模型,探讨河西走廊近地面O₃时空分布特征、气象因素、传输路径和潜在来源.结果表明：①从时间变化来看,O₃柱浓度在2005~2010年和2014~2020年呈上升趋势,2010~2014年呈下降趋势,2010年和2014年分别达到最大值和最小值,分别为332.31 DU和301.00 DU,季节变化表现为春季和冬季明显大于夏季和秋季.②在空间分布上,O₃柱浓度大体呈现由西南向东北递增的纬向带状分布特征,高值区主要分布在地势低平的城市区域,中值区呈纬向带状与祁连山山麓走向基本一致.③气象条件分析发现,温度、风速和日照时数与O₃呈现正相关,相对湿度与O₃呈现负相关.④通过对武威市模拟受点气流输送轨迹发现,O₃输送路径方向较为单一,各季节的主导气流均以西部和西北部为主,所占比例分别为71.62%、66.85%、61.22%和77.78%;O₃潜在贡献源区存在一定的季节差异：春季、夏季和秋季的O₃潜在源高值区域均分布于白银市和兰州市等地,为东南风源,冬季高值区分布于巴丹吉林沙漠和腾格里沙漠之间,为北风源.     

Toward participatory decision-making in river corridor management: two case studies from the European Alps

River managers are aware that river restoration entails addressing and effectively solving wicked social-ecological problems. Contemporary river corridor management is characterized by a variety of actors with different perspectives and interests, and by complex institutional settings and legal landscapes. Additionally, at the intersection between litho-, hydro-, and biological fields, new research suggests that river restoration should reactivate matter and energy fluxes, re-establish spatial connections with the floodplains, and enhance aquatic and terrestrial habitats without exacerbating flood risk. First, we outline a general structure of participatory river corridor management that addresses the following key requirements: (1) unambiguous, participatory spatial delineation of the river corridor; (2) comprehensive assessment of the river corridor's hydro-geomorphological, ecological, socio-economic and cultural processes; (3) transparency and consistency of the decision-making process; as well as (4) a coherent envisioning process. Subsequently, we present an overview of two river corridor management processes, conducted in South Tyrol, Italy. Specifically, we analysed the Etsch/Adige River corridor between Laas/Lasa and Glurns/Glorenza in the Upper Vinschgau/Venosta valley characterized by intense agricultural land use and the densely populated Eisack/Isarco River corridor in Brixen/Bressanone. Based on structured interviews with project managers, we highlight strengths and shortcomings of the proposed participatory management and envisage procedural improvements.     

河西绿洲灌区玉米秸秆带膜还田腐解特征研究

为探讨河西绿洲灌区玉米秸秆带膜还田时的腐解规律,采用尼龙网袋法,对不同带膜还田模式下玉米秸秆的腐解特征进行研究,旨为当地玉米秸秆还田提供理论依据和技术指导。结果表明：土壤温度是影响当地玉米秸秆腐解的主要因素,经过180 d腐解后,各还田处理秸秆的腐解率均在50%以上,其中翻压处理的腐解率（67.5%～76.0%）高于覆盖处理（50.5%～59.0%）,而且腐解主要发生在还田后的30～120 d。秸秆在还田前期（前60 d）会与作物争夺土壤氮素,但是在还田后期会释放一定氮素,而且翻压和粉碎还田释放的氮素要高于覆盖和整株还田。从秸秆完全腐解的预测时间看,整株半量翻压、整株半量覆盖、粉碎半量翻压、粉碎全量翻压、粉碎半量覆盖和粉碎全量覆盖处理分别需要247、326、212、227、277和299 d才能完全腐解,可见,在河西绿洲灌区实行带膜还田前景广阔,而且翻压优于覆盖,粉碎优于整株,半量优于全量。     

建筑物条形走廊烟气运动特性研究

建筑物走廊是火灾时人员疏散的必经之路,了解走廊烟气的运动规律,对人员疏散与救援具有重大意义。本文对走廊内的火灾烟气进行了数值模拟,得出了不同排烟场景下走廊烟气质量分数及烟气温度的分布情况。研究表明:挡烟垂壁在火灾初期能有效地阻止烟气蔓延;由于其蓄烟作用,应该将其设置在走廊中部。但随着火势的不断扩大,挡烟垂壁效果逐渐减弱,此时必须增设机械排烟机才能及时排出烟气。对比不同机械排烟场景可知,为达到更好的排烟效果,机械排烟口应该设置在挡烟垂壁上游。最后将模拟结果与实验结果对比,验证了本文结论的正确性。     

海河下游塘沽段生态堤岸设计导则

针对海河下游塘沽段堤岸现状,提出该河段堤岸设计导则。该导则适用于从城市高密区到城乡结合区、滨河约15～80m宽度范围,便于城市规划人员在具体地块设计中选用并衍生发展。导则内容包括:(1)导引表;(2)9种堤岸和滨水道路断面推荐设计,根据近岸有无防洪缓冲带、近岸道路特征及护岸形式划分;(3)7种推荐护岸做法,如石笼沉排柔性缓坡护岸、连根树桩与截柳杆柔性缓坡护岸等。导则所推荐的亲水型生态堤岸,可兼顾防洪和河流水质改善作用,有效降低堤防高度,提高河滨人居质量。     

全球气候变化背景下祁连山生态问题的地质学探析

祁连山生态问题产生的根源主要在于全球气候变化背景下冰川、冻土、植被、径流等及其水文循环的变化.该文以地球系统科学为指导,在宏观尺度上从系统演化的角度去探讨在全球气候变化条件下祁连山生态问题,认为这些问题的产生与地质过程密不可分,应以生态地质学的理论来研究这些变化的生态地质过程,并指出未来进行祁连山生态问题研究的科学路径,为祁连山的生态保护、河西走廊社会经济的持续健康发展提供科学依据.     

Landscape network congruency at the ecoregion scale: can we expect corridor ‘umbrellas’?

Conservation planners are faced with numerous choices regarding ‘what to connect’ when modeling landscape networks on an ecoregion scale. A simplifying assumption is often that coarse-scale corridors may provide overlapping or ‘umbrella’ effects for multiple conservation scenarios. To examine this, we assessed differences in connectivity models arising from four different conservation scenarios for the transboundary Northern Appalachian/Acadian Ecoregion (330,000 km²). Models resulted in networks comprised of varying levels of connectedness, suggesting the presence of local connectivity at several sub-ecoregion scales, but diminished ecoregion-scale connectivity. Our results also indicate that selecting ‘what to connect’ at the ecoregion scale strongly influences the location and extent of modeled corridors. Further, our evidence suggests that landscape networks derived for one scenario are not likely to produce far-reaching corridor umbrellas or highly coincident landscape networks for alternative conservation scenarios with varying goals. As a result, alternative landscape networks should not be considered functionally equivalent.     

MISSOURI RIVER FLOOD OF 1993: ROLE OF WOODY CORRIDOR WIDTH IN LEVEE PROTECTION1

ABSTRACT. We investigated the relationships between levee damage and woody corridor along a 353‐mile segment of the Missouri River in Missouri during the flood of 1993. Results indicated that woody corridors between riverbanks and primary levees played a significant role in the reduction or prevention of flood related damage to levees. Forty‐one percent of levee failures in this segment occurred in areas with no woody corridor, while 74 percent and 83 percent of failures occurred where woody corridor widths were less than 300 feet and less than 500 feet, respectively. Median failure lengths with a woody corridor present were 50.3 percent shorter than median failure lengths with no woody corridor present. Levees without failures had significantly wider median woody corridor widths than levees that failed. Eligibility for the Corps of Engineers levee maintenance program was not a significant factor in the reduction of levee damage. Discontinuities in woody corridors played a role in 27.5 percent of the levee failures in the study segment. Smaller segments of the river valley were studied to determine if geomorphic differences influenced variations in the protective value of woody corridors.     

城市绿化规划研究初探--以长沙市雨花区为例

城市绿化规划是城市生态规划的基本内容。本文以长沙市雨花区为例，运用景观生态学原理，分析了城市绿地系统建设存在的问题，提出了城市生态绿地系统规划的基本内容和生态对策，可为一些城市的生态建设提供参考依据。