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51.
52.
Chenpeng Zuo Xianwei Zhao Hetong Wang Xiaohui M Siyuan Zheng Fei Xu Qingzhu Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(2):328-339
Amides, a series of significant atmospheric nitrogen-containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs), can participate in new particle formation (NPF) throught interacting with sulfuric acid (SA) and organic acids. In this study, we investigated the molecular interactions of formamide (FA), acetamide (AA), N-methylformamide (MF), propanamide (PA), N-methylacetamide (MA), and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) with SA, acetic acid (HAC), propanoic acid (PAC), oxalic acid (OA), and malonic acid (MOA). Global minimum of clusters were obtained through the association of the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The conformational analysis, thermochemical analysis, frequency analysis, and topological analysis were conducted to determine the interactions of hydrogen-bonded molecular clusters. The heterodimers formed a hepta or octa membered ring through four different types of hydrogen bonds, and the strength of the bonds are ranked in the following order: SOH???O > COH???O > NH???O > CH???O. We also evaluated the stability of the clusters and found that the stabilization effect of amides with SA is weaker than that of amines with SA but stronger than that of ammonia (NH3) with SA in the dimer formation of nucleation process. Additionally, the nucleation capacity of SA with amides is greater than that of organic acids with amides. 相似文献
53.
To ensure the safety of drinking water, ozone (O3) has been extensively applied in drinking water treatment plants to further remove natural organic matter (NOM). However, the surface water and groundwater near the coastal areas often contain high concentrations of bromide ion (Br?). Considering the risk of bromate (BrO3?) formation in ozonation of the sand-filtered water, the inhibitory efficiencies of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ammonia (NH3) on BrO3? formation during ozonation process were compared. The addition of H2O2 effectively inhibited BrO3? formation at an initial Br? concentration amended to 350 µg/L. The inhibition efficiencies reached 59.6 and 100% when the mass ratio of H2O2/O3 was 0.25 and > 0.5, respectively. The UV254 and total organic carbon (TOC) also decreased after adding H2O2, while the formation potential of trihalomethanes (THMsFP) increased especially in subsequent chlorination process at a low dose of H2O2. To control the formation of both BrO3? and THMs, a relatively large dose of O3 and a high ratio of H2O2/O3were generally needed. NH3 addition inhibited BrO3? formation when the background ammonia nitrogen (NH3N) concentration was low. There was no significant correlation between BrO3? inhibition efficiency and NH3 dose, and a small amount of NH3N (0.2 mg/L) could obviously inhibit BrO3? formation. The oxidation of NOM seemed unaffected by NH3 addition, and the structure of NOM reflected by synchronous fluorescence (SF) scanning remained almost unchanged before and after adding NH3. Considering the formation of BrO3? and THMs, the optimal dose of NH3 was suggested to be 0.5 mg/L. 相似文献
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臭氧氧化法处理城市污水厂出水的实验研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为了开发污水的回用技术,对北京市某污水处理厂二处理后出水中含有的有机物进行了臭氧无催化氧化、臭氧碱催化氧化、臭氧/过氧化氢氧化和臭氧加过渡性金属离子/过氧化氢催化氧化工艺的实验研究。结果表明,自氧/过氧化氢氧化工艺达到了较好的效果,在H2O2=3mg/L时投加臭氧13mg/L,CODcr由45mg/L降至20mg/L。 相似文献
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化工制药工艺残渣燃烧过程固氯研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用管式固定床反应器对化工制药工艺残渣的燃烧分解进行了实验研究,进一步通过加入氧化钙/碳酸钙来防止燃烧过程残渣中氯的释放.实验结果表明,残渣在燃烧时氯主要以氯化氢形式排出,加入固氯剂后能有效地抑制氯化氢的生成,且固氯效果随着钙化物投加量的增加而明显提高.当氧化钙/残渣比(质量比)达到0.8时,固氯率可达97%以上;当碳酸钙/残渣比(质量比)提高到2.0时,固氯率为76%.与此对应的Ca/Cl摩尔比分别为30和40.继续增加钙投加量,固氯效果基本不变.同时发现添加一定量的木屑在助燃的同时有助于提高固氯效果. 相似文献
58.
John?YangEmail author Jianguo?Sun David?Hammer Robert?Blanchar 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2004,2(3):159-162
Soil pH, a log-transformed form of hydrogen ion (H+) activity, is often used for various statistics. However whether soil pH meets the requirement of distribution normality for statistical analyses is unknown. We studied the statistical suitability of both soil pH and H+ activity by examining their distribution normalities. Results show that the variability of H+ activity is higher and its distribution is skewer, which is significantly different from the normal and soil pH, regardless of soil conditions and analytical methods. Here we demonstrate that soil pH is more appropriate than the H+ activity for performing statistical analysis in terms of distribution normality. 相似文献
59.
Vat and sulfur dyes must be reduced to their leuco forms before application. Since this process is currently carried out using irreversible reducing chemicals, it involves high economic and environmental costs. Here we show that reduction can alternatively be performed in an alkaline bath at room temperature by using H2 activated by a Pd catalyst. Sulfur dyes are thus directly reduced, whereas vat dyes require an electron transfer mediator. This alternative reaction can also be driven using H2 at sub-atmospheric pressures. It further avoids all drawbacks raised by electrolytic reductions, so far suggested as alternative green processes. 相似文献
60.
生物法去除含甲硫醇恶臭气体的机理 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
林琳 《辽宁城乡环境科技》2000,20(4):7-8,6
对用生物法去除含甲硫恶臭气体的机理进行探讨和说明,得出甲硫系恶化恶臭气体的代谢过程中具有重要的地位。 相似文献