IMO在世纪之交的回顾与展望

介绍 190 0年以来发生的重大海难 ,以及对其调查 ;IMO成立以后 ,它对促进航运安全、保护海洋环境所作的努力 ,对其成就的评估 ;今后 10 0年海运的展望以及IMO优先考虑的。     

放射性固体废物塑料固化技术研究

比较了聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）、聚苯乙烯（ＰＳ）和聚乙烯（ＰＥ）３种热塑性塑料，来固化焚烧炉灰和废阳树脂的工艺条件，固化体的物化性及耐辐照等性能。各种塑料固化体，经过抗压强度、浸出率、反复冷冻和加热、大气老化、浸渍和１０＾６ＧＹ辐照等试验，仍保持性能稳定，能满足要求；其中，利用废放免管（ＰＳ）固化剂包容炉灰的固化体，机械性能较好，减容比较大，为处理放射性固体废物开辟了一条以废治废的新途径。     

水中的隐孢子虫卵囊及其检测与灭活

介绍了隐孢子虫卵囊（ＣＳＯ）的介水传播情况，对目前国内外检测，灭活水隐孢子虫卵囊的最新研究进展了比较全面的介绍。     

实施ISO 14001环境管理体系认证的回顾

本文通过回顾国际、国内建立ISO 14001环境管理体系、开展ISO 14001认证的历程,分析了秦皇岛市企业实施认证的状况,并对标准的实施提出了对策和建议.     

东三旗井数字化水位观测干扰异常分析与识别研究

本文对北京市昌平地震台东三旗井数字化水位观测中出现的锯齿型“凹型”阶变现象进行了研究,并结合观测环境条件、同井孔体应变观测、区域地震活动、GPS地面沉降观测等分析,探析了该异常现象的成因。结果显示,该变化可能与环境变化引起区域周围电磁场的改变有关,可能是地震活动或应力应变引起电磁量增加导致水位仪器电信号干扰异常引起,是前兆异常特征的可信度低。     

一株好氧反硝化菌的分离及特性研究

利用富集培养的方法从城镇污水处理厂的活性污泥中分离到1株好氧反硝化菌,命名为CW。通过形态、生理生化特征和16SrRNA基因序列分析,初步鉴定为睾丸酮丛毛单胞菌(Comamonas testosteroni)。生长特性的研究表明最佳碳源是乙酸钠,最佳碳氮比10:1,最佳DO4.0～6.0mg/L,在此条件下培养24h后,对初始浓度108mg/L的硝酸盐降到27mg/L,去除率达到75%,亚硝酸盐积累仅为4mg/L。以组合载体为填料,挂膜后对污水进行处理,HRT48h,DO5.0mg/L左右,氨氮去除率达到95%左右,最终的NO3-N和NO2-N分别由起始的40～52mg/L和21～28mg/L降为--12～15mg/L和7～9mg/L。     

沈阳市室内空气中挥发性有机物的污染状态分析

选取装修时间分别为7d、30d、90d的居室各50户,采集室内空气样测定总挥发性有机物（TVOC）浓度,发现超标率随装修时间的延长而下降,且90d后TVOC超标2倍以上的严重污染户已降至2％;装修3个月以上居室室内空气中TVOC组分共检测出59种,其中32种为半数以上居室所共有,经分析绝大多数为室内装修材料所释放且多为有害物质;通过实验发现周期性通风放置比封闭状态放置能够更快地降低室内TVOC浓度．是减轻TVOC污染的最佳方法。     

Do energy efficiency standards hurt consumers? Evidence from household appliance sales

We build novel welfare-based price indices for major household appliances that leverage changes in same-model prices and how consumers substitute between exiting, continuing and new models. We then evaluate how minimum energy efficiency requirements and changing criteria for Energy Star™ labels affected these indices in the U.S. between 2001 and 2011, a period of time when some appliances experienced standard changes while others did not. We find that prices declined while quality and consumer welfare increased, especially when standards become more stringent. We also find that much of the price index decline can be attributed to standards-induced innovation, or cannibalism, not to inter-manufacturer competition. Our results also add to a growing body of evidence that the Consumer Price Index exaggerates inflation due to inadequate account of quality and substitution to new goods.     

美国制定水质基准的方法概要

水质基准保护对象不同可分为保护水生生物的水质基准和保护人体健康的水质基准。概要介绍了美国推导这两种水质基准的方法及其数据要求。     

Revisiting Sphere: new standards of service delivery for new trends in protracted displacement

The proportion of people living in protracted displacement, as well as the duration of this displacement, is increasing. International humanitarian standards for services provided in protracted displacement are based on the Sphere Standards, which were formulated using evidence and experience from acute phase emergencies. However, the majority of protracted emergencies are in the post‐emergency phase. This paper discusses trends in displacement, outlines reasons why using the Sphere Standards as minimum standards of service provision in protracted displacement does not adequately meet the needs of these populations, and analyses areas where greater standards of service provision are necessary. An expansion of the evidence base regarding determinants of morbidity and mortality in protracted emergencies is needed. This, followed by a joint approach to designing new, effective standards focused on proactive policies, will allow the humanitarian community more appropriately to serve and enable the millions of people currently living in protracted displacement.