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701.
Microorganisms are involved in a variety of biogeochemical processes in natural environments. The differences between bacterial communities in freshwaters and upslope soils remain unclear. The present study investigated the bacterial distribution in a plateau freshwater lake, Erhai Lake (southwestern China), and its upslope soils. Illumina MiSeq sequencing illustrated high bacterial diversity in lake sediments and soils. Sediment and soil bacterial communities were mainly composed of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi and Planctomycetes. However, a distinctive difference in bacterial community structure was found between soil and sediment ecosystems. Water content, nitrogen and pH affected the distribution of the bacterial community across Erhai Lake and its upslope soils. Moreover, the soil bacterial community might also be shaped by plant types. This work could provide some new insights into plateau aquatic and terrestrial microbial ecology. 相似文献
702.
Removing nitrogen from wastewater with low chemical oxygen demand/total nitrogen (COD/TN) ratio is a difficult task due to the insufficient carbon source available for denitrification. Therefore, in the present work, a novel sequencing batch biofilm reactor (NSBBR) was developed to enhance the nitrogen removal from wastewater with low COD/TN ratio. The NSBBR was divided into two units separated by a vertical clapboard. Alternate feeding and aeration was performed in the two units, which created an anoxic unit with rich substrate content and an aeration unit deficient in substrate simultaneously. Therefore, the utilization of the influent carbon source for denitrification was increased, leading to higher TN removal compared to conventional SBBR (CSBBR) operation. The results show that the CSBBR removed up to 76.8%, 44.5% and 10.4% of TN, respectively, at three tested COD/TN ratios (9.0, 4.8 and 2.5). In contrast, the TN removal of the NSBBR could reach 81.9%, 60.5% and 26.6%, respectively, at the corresponding COD/TN ratios. Therefore, better TN removal performance could be achieved in the NSBBR, especially at low COD/TN ratios (4.8 and 2.5). Furthermore, it is easy to upgrade a CSBBR into an NSBBR in practice. 相似文献
703.
Methamidophos was widely used a pesticide in northern China. The potential influences of methamidophos on soil fungal community in black soil were assessed by plate count, 28S rDNA-PCR-DGGE, and clone library analysis. Three methamidophos levels (50, 150, and 250 mg/kg) were tested in soil microcosms. Results from plate count during a 60-d microcosm experiment showed that high concentrations of methamidophos (250 mg/kg) could significantly stimulate fungal populations. DCGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) fingerprinting patterns showed a significant difference between the responses of culturable and total fungi communities under the stress of methamidophos. Shannon diversity indices calculated from DGGE profiles indicated that culturable fungi in all microcosms with methamidophos treatment increased after 1 week of incubation. However, the diversity indices of total fungi decreased in the first week, as compared to the stimulation of culturable fungi. At the 8th week, however, all the microcosms treated by methamidophos were similar to the control microcosms in community structure as suggested by the Shannon diversity indices for both culturable and total fungi. In contrast, after 1 week the fungal structure of culturable and unculturable both were disturbed to different extent under the stresses of methamidophos by clustering analysis. Clone sequencing analysis indicated the stimulation of pathogenic and unculturable fungal populations by methamidophos treatment, suggetsing potential risks of plant disease outbreak. 相似文献
704.
膜生物反应器采取序批式运行方式,实验室人工配水,系统不排泥,运行220d。结果表明,系统对COD、氨氮的去除率均在96%以上,细菌胞外多聚物(EPS)以蛋白质为主,污泥浓度达到10g/L以上,污泥沉降性能得到改善时,跨膜压力(TMP)呈缓慢增长趋势,出现了相当数量的纤毛虫、轮虫等原后生动物。 相似文献
705.
706.
Yu Xia Xuyang Zhang Miao Zhang Liming Chen Xiaotong Tang Yuhong Sun Xiang Li 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(11):145
707.
为探究水源水库春季分层期(3~5月)nirS型反硝化细菌群落结构组成及其与水质的关系,以李家河水库为例,采用原位监测耦合Illumina高通量测序技术,分析了水体水质及反硝化细菌群落相对丰度及结构特征.结果表明:(1)通过高通量测序,鉴定为4门13属,优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria),相对丰度在52.5%~70.6%,时间尺度总体呈降低趋势(P<0.05),空间尺度上表层和中层高于底层(P<0.05),表层与中层无差异(P>0.05);识别出具有反硝化功能细菌8属,其中优势菌属(相对丰度>1%)为脱氯单胞菌属(Dechloromonas)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas),脱氯单胞菌属相对丰度在时间上呈先降低后升高的趋势,假单胞菌属在时间上呈先升高后降低的趋势,此2属在空间上无差异(P>0.05);细菌多样性及丰富度变化基本一致,时间上呈先升高后减低的趋势,空间上随深度逐渐升高;(2)本研究期间水库水体ρ(总氮)为2.35~2.91 mg·L-1,氮素污染较为严重,3月和4月垂向水体总氮基本一致且呈降低趋势,5月... 相似文献
708.
淀粉废水处理系统中活性污泥的微生物群落结构及多样性分析 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0
为探究淀粉废水处理活性污泥中微生物的群落结构及多样性,基于Illumina MiSeq高通量测序方法,分析了不同运行阶段的A/O处理系统中活性污泥的微生物群落与多样性组成.结果表明,A/O系统中处理淀粉生产废水的活性污泥在同一种废水下微生物群落结构总体比较稳定,优势细菌主要为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)等;最重要优势细菌类群为变形菌门(45. 66%~66. 30%),其中γ-亚纲细菌是其主要成员,占比36. 38%~66. 65%.优势拟杆菌门主要成员鞘脂杆菌纲在污泥沉降性能较好时其占比下降,但绿弯菌门主要成员厌氧绳菌纲在污泥沉降性能较好时其占比明显增加,变化趋势正好相反,或许它们二者之间的耦合变化与污泥沉降性能变化密切相关.活性污泥样品中存在大量特殊功能菌群,它们在活性污泥的污染物分解和氮磷去除中发挥重要作用. 相似文献
709.
710.
在水力停留时间(HRT)分别为20、10、7.5、5d的条件下,进行了中温、高温厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)处理热水解污泥的试验,在此基础上总结了ASBR处理高浓度悬浮固体废物的工艺特性.ASBR可以有效积累悬浮固体从而保持较高的固体浓度,但ASBR存在一“临界点”,即最大积累悬浮固体的能力,超过此临界点,反应器运行不稳.在稳态运行条件下,ASBR能保持较高固体停留时间(SRT)和微生物平均细胞停留时间(MCRT),在处理热水解污泥时,SRT和MCRT分别是水力停留时间(HRT)的2.53~3.73倍、2.03~3.14倍.因此,与传统的连续流搅拌反应器(CSTR)相比,ASBR的处理效率提高7.13%~34.68%. 相似文献