非平衡等离子体技术对有害气体污染物的降解研究进展

由于非平衡等离子体化学过程在增强氧化能力、促进分子离解以及加速化学反应等方面具有很高的效率 ,因此 ,近年来利用非平衡等离子技术对气体污染物的破坏分解研究受到了广泛的关注。本文简述了非平衡等离子体技术对气体污染物的降解原理 ,综述了国内外利用这一技术破坏各种气体污染物的最新进展 ,讨论了放电功率、停留时间、催化剂、化合物结构等因素对放电反应效率的影响 ,并展望了其应用前景     

电源频率对大气压氦气射流等离子体放电特性的影响

为探究大气压射流等离子体放电特性,利用同轴双环电极结构等离子体射流装置,研究电源频率、外加电压对氦气射流放电电流、起始电压、消耗功率、放电平均功率、射流长度等参数的影响规律。结果表明:放电图像在f=7.88,8.40,8.90 kHz电源频率下,随着电压增加,等离子体射流长度先增长后稳定;电压-电流关系符合辉光放电特征;同一电源频率下,随外加电压升高,放电电流脉冲个数增多、幅值增大、脉冲曲线产生畸变,装置消耗功率和放电功率所受影响不大。     

活性污泥系统生物场-水力场-温度场耦合模型(FCASM3-Hydro-Temp)Ⅲ:水力及温度的影响

建立生物、水力及温度耦合模型模拟预测水流状态以及温度对污水处理效果的影响.利用校验完成的生物场-水力场耦合模型(FCASM3-Hydro)以及生物场-水力场-温度场耦合模型(FCASM3-Hydro-Temp)对德清县狮山污水处理厂的AAO工艺系统进行模拟,分别考察反应池Pe准数值以及温度对污水处理效果的影响.由FCASM3一Hydro模拟厌氧池和好氧池不同Pe值条件下污染物质出水结果分析可知,好氧池中水力推流作用的强弱直接决定着污染物质的出水浓度值,厌氧池的水流作用对污染物质的浓度变化影响并不十分显著,FCASM3-Hydro-Temp对进水温度影响污染物质去除效果的模拟结果表明,低温对NH4+-N的处理明显不利,高温对PO43--P的处理不利,若系统进水温度在10～40℃范围内波动将不会对污水处理效果造成显著的影响.     

Selection of an appropriate waste-to-energy conversion technology for Dhaka City,Bangladesh

Solid waste disposal poses a significant problem, as it leads to land pollution if openly dumped, water pollution if dumped in low lands and air pollution if burnt. Moreover, the scarcity of land and increase in land prices especially in Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh create the problems of developing new landfill sites. Realising the existing and future impacts of waste disposal issues, the analytic hierarchy process model was applied to select an appropriate Waste-to-Energy (WTE) conversion technology for household waste of Dhaka-Mirpur Cantonment area. Three alternatives, namely, anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis and plasma gasification (PG) technologies and nine criteria under three aspects (technological, environmental and financial) were chosen for comparison. The analysis revealed that PG is the most appropriate WTE conversion technology in the study area. The selected PG technology has a relatively small footprint; it can treat unsorted waste and can produce good-quality synthetic gas without generating extremely toxic by-products.     

Street canyon ventilation and atmospheric turbulence

Operational models for pollutant dispersion in urban areas require an estimate of the turbulent transfer between the street canyons and the overlying atmospheric flow. To date, the mechanisms that govern this process remain poorly understood. We have studied the mass exchange between a street canyon and the atmospheric flow above it by means of wind tunnel experiments. Fluid velocities were measured with a Particle Image Velocimetry system and passive scalar concentrations were measured using a Flame Ionisation Detector. The mass-transfer velocity between the canyon and the external flow has been estimated by measuring the cavity wash-out time. A two-box model, used to estimate the transfer velocity for varying dynamical conditions of the external flow, has been used to interpret the experimental data. This study sheds new light on the mechanisms which drive the ventilation of a street canyon and illustrates the influence of the external turbulence on the transfer process.     

Intra-abdominal masses: prenatal differential diagnosis and management

Intra-abdominal masses and cystic lesions are not commonly identified during the routine 20-week anomaly scan but are not infrequently seen as incidental findings during a third trimester scan assessing fetal growth and well being. This review looks at the potential differential diagnosis of masses and cysts seen prenatally and aims to define a method of assessment that will help limit the differential diagnosis before delivery. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.