GC-MS测定土壤中酞酸酯类化合物

采用毛细管柱气相色谱-质谱联用选择离子检测(GC-MS-SIM)技术,结合快速萃取和佛罗里硅土柱净化方法分析土壤中的六种酞酸酯类(PAEs)化合物。结果表明,六种PAEs峰形好,平均加标回收率为76.7%~110%,相对标准偏差为2.5%~4.5%。方法具有操作简便、回收率高、纯化效果好和对环境友好的特点,且具有很强的实用性。     

A cation exchange model to describe Cs+ sorption at high ionic strength in subsurface sediments at Hanford site, USA

A theoretical and experimental study of cation exchange in high ionic strength electrolytes was performed using pristine subsurface sediments from the U.S. Department of Energy Hanford site. These sediments are representative of the site contaminated sediments impacted by release of high level waste (HLW) solutions containing 137Cs+ in NaNO3 brine. The binary exchange behavior of Cs+-Na+, Cs+-K+, and Na+-K+ was measured over a range in electrolyte concentration. Vanselow selectivity coefficients (Kv) that were calculated from the experimental data using Pitzer model ion activity corrections for aqueous species showed monotonic increases with increasing electrolyte concentrations. The influence of electrolyte concentration was greater on the exchange of Na+-Cs+ than K+-Cs+, an observation consistent with the differences in ion hydration energy of the exchanging cations. A previously developed two-site ion exchange model [Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 66 (2002) 193] was modified to include solvent (water) activity changes in the exchanger phase through application of the Gibbs-Duhem equation. This water activity-corrected model well described the ionic strength effect on binary Cs+ exchange, and was extended to the ternary exchange system of Cs+-Na+-K+ on the pristine sediment. The model was also used to predict 137Cs+ distribution between sediment and aqueous phase (Kd) beneath a leaked HLW tank in Hanfordd's S-SX tank using the analytical aqueous data from the field and the binary ion exchange coefficients for the pristine sediment. The Kd predictions closely followed the trend in the field data and were improved by consideration of water activity effects that were considerable in certain regions of the vadose zone plume.     

不同交联度PP-g-4VP离子交换纤维的制备及对水溶液中铬离子吸附的研究

通过控制交联剂(DVB)及单体(4-VP)浓度等工艺,研制了不同交联度的聚丙烯接枝4乙烯基吡啶离子交换纤维(PP-g-4VP),旨在改善纤维的结构及其再生吸附和重复使用性能。实验结果表明,随着DVB含量增大,纤维的接枝率下降,交联度增加,而吸水率下降。所制的PP-g-4VP和PP-g-4VP-季铵盐纤维对Cr~(6+)静态吸附量大,分别达约6.5mmol/g和4mmol/g。交联度低时,纤维对Cr~(6+)吸附速度越快,穿透点前流出液浓度较低。纤维吸附Cr~(6+)后用1N NH_3·H_2O能完全洗脱,再生吸附性能良好。     

固定源排气中离子选择电极法测定氟化物时的几点建议

固定源排气中氟化物测定结果与采样系统加热与否,采气流量大小和分析过程中样品pH值调节的准确性等因素有较大的关系,通过对比实验,不加热和采样流量大使监测结果偏低,pH调节不当使结果偏高.     

新型环境材料提铯离子筛的铯离子交换性能初探

研究了提铯离子筛的颗粒性质对铯离子的交换容量和分配系数的影响，以及提铯离子筛在强酸介质中的稳定性和交换性能；探讨了在大量氢离子或钠离子存在时提铯离子筛对铯离子的选择性。实验结果表明提铯离子筛为多孔无定形物质，其对铯离子的交换容量和分配系数，随着颗粒粒度的减小而增加，但是酸度和钠离子的影响有限。在与模拟高放废液的静态交换中，提铯离子筛对铯离子的交换率可高达96％以上，基本达到了从高放废液中提取^137Cs的指标。     

离子膜法固体氢氧化钾的清洁生产工艺评价

通过离子膜法生产固体氢氧化钾的实例。评价了离子膜法是一种清洁生产方法，在污染预防方面化隔膜法优越得多，同时论证了必须对原材料选取，工艺流程，污染物的消化与排放、事故风险等各个环节，采取严格的污染预防措施，才能实现其清洁生产全过程控制。     

准确测定降水氟含量的方法讨论

本文主要讨论用离子色谱法测定降水氟含量时,怎样消除“水负峰”的干扰,并评价了氟离子选择电极法测定降水氟含量的适用情况,以寻求一种在不同分析条件下采用不同方法,准确测定降水氟含量的途径。     

空气中微量肼的离子色谱法测定

以稀硫酸为吸收液,铂工作电极为安培检测器,用离子色谱法测定空气中的微量肼。经试验,选择了较适宜的淋洗液浓度、流量,吸收液的酸度,安培检测器的最佳施加电位及抗干扰实验。方法的相对标准偏差小于10％,取样鞋为60升时,最低检出浓度为0.001mg/m~3。     

Removal of Fe(III) using a polystyrene anchored Schiff base

Salicylaldehyde Schiff base of amino-methylated polystyrene has been developed as a novel reagent for the removal of Fe(III) from solutions. The selectivity of the metal ion uptake over a wide range of different concentrations of metal ion, effect of pH, ligand concentration and the influence of other foreign ions were studied. A very good selectivity was achieved for the removal of the ion. It was found that 0.01 g of the ligand was sufficient to achieve about 96% removal of the metal ion in terms of concentration (ppm) from a 30 ppm solution in acidic pH.     

2021年青岛市一次PM_(2.5)和沙尘混合空气污染过程分析

以2021年3月青岛市空气自动站监测数据为依据,借助环境气象激光雷达、气溶胶激光雷达、在线离子色谱仪等技术手段,并利用后向轨迹模式(HYSPLIT)对青岛市一次PM_(2.5)和沙尘混合空气污染过程、气象条件、颗粒物组成以及传输路径等进行了综合分析。结果表明:静小风、湿度大、垂直方向逆温以及高空多次向近地面的污染物输送是第1阶段PM_(2.5)污染的主要原因,NO^(-)_(3)、SO^(2-)_(4)、NH^(+)_(4)浓度分别占水溶性离子浓度总和的51.7%,24.8%,22.4%,三者之和占ρ(PM_(2.5))的52.3%,机动车源、工业源和燃烧源贡献较大,其中尤以机动车源影响最显著;第2阶段各子站颗粒物浓度变化呈现明显的传输特征,PM_(2.5)中Ca^(2+)浓度升至第1阶段的6倍,沙尘源影响显著,污染气团主要来自蒙古国和我国内蒙古,前期由西北地区直接到达青岛,后期是经渤海湾、烟台到达青岛东南海域,最后回流至青岛;冷高压强度较弱导致近地面水平扩散条件不利,ρ(PM_(10))长时间维持在较高水平。