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991.
Brett B. Roper Jeffrey L. Kershner Eric Archer Richard Henderson Nicolaas Bouwes 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2002,38(6):1637-1646
ABSTRACT: The last few decades have seen an increased reliance on the use of stream attributes to monitor stream conditions. The use of stream attributes has been criticized because of variation in how observers evaluate them, inconsistent protocol application, lack of consistent training, and the difficulty in using them to detect change caused by management activity. In this paper, we evaluate the effect of environmental heterogeneity and observer variation on the use of physical stream attributes as monitoring tools. For most stream habitat attributes evaluated, difference among streams accounted for greater than 80 percent of the total survey variation. To minimize the effect that variation among streams has on evaluating stream conditions, it may be necessary to design survey protocols and analysis that include stratification, permanent sites, and/or analysis of covariance. Although total variation was primarily due to differences among streams, observers also differed in their evaluation of stream attributes. This study suggests that if trained observers conducting a study that is designed to account for environmental heterogeneity can objectively evaluate defined stream attributes, results should prove valuable in monitoring differences in reach scale stream conditions. The failure to address any of these factors will likely lead to the failure of stream attributes as effective monitoring tools. 相似文献
992.
993.
T. Vaněk A. Nepovím R. Podlipná S. Zeman M. Vágner 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2003,3(3):259-267
The phytoremediation of trinitrotoluene (TNT), nitroglycerine (NG) and pentaerytritoltetranitrate (PETN) using in vitrocultures of Rheum palmatum, Saponaria officinalisand Populus simonii were studied. All above mentioned explosives were degradated to less toxic products and finally probably bound to the cell wall or further involved in the metabolism. The formation of trinitrobenzene (TNB) during degradation of TNT which is a product of alternative degradation pathway was found too. 相似文献
994.
从火电厂加强水务管理和废污水治理的角度,对生活污水、含油污水、灰水、循环水的治理现状和措施作了较全面地介绍,初步分折了火电厂节水的经济效益,并介绍了实际工程设计中的一些体会。 相似文献
995.
分析了环境管理体系(EMS)中的节能降耗与火电厂传统的节能工作之间的区别与联系,并通过火电厂推行EMS所取得的节能降耗实绩,阐述其对传统节能工作的促进作用。 相似文献
996.
简述了发电企业在建立ISO14001环境管理体系时应注意的一些问题,对如何建立和运行环境管理体系提出了建议,以促进企业的环境保护工作。 相似文献
997.
Bryan Boulanger Nikolaos P. Nikolaidis 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2003,39(2):337-345
ABSTRACT: A modeling framework was developed for managing copper runoff in urban watersheds that incorporates water quality characterization, watershed land use areas, hydrologic data, a statistical simulator, a biotic ligand binding model to characterize acute toxicity, and a statistical method for setting a watershed specific copper loading. The modeling framework is driven by export coefficients derived from water quality parameters and hydrologic inputs measured in an urban watershed's storm water system. This framework was applied to a watershed containing a copper roof built in 1992. A series of simulations was run to predict the change in receiving stream water chemistry caused by roof aging and to determine the maximum copper loading (at the 99 percent confidence level) a watershed could accept without causing acute toxicity in the receiving stream. Forecasting the amount of copper flux responsible for exceeding the assimilation capacity of a watershed can be directly related to maximum copper loadings responsible for causing toxicity in the receiving streams. The framework developed in this study can be used to evaluate copper utilization in urban watersheds. 相似文献
998.
介绍了东莞市塘厦镇石桥头污水处理厂工程设计的情况,有关污水处理工艺和污泥处理方案的优化选择过程,以及工程设计中具体措施的技术要点。 相似文献
999.
夏取胜 《安全.健康和环境》2009,9(6):9-12
对污水处理场日常检维修项目进行分类,分析不同类型检维修作业工作危害,将不同类型的HSE施工作业指导书结合到进装置作业施工作业票的签批中,规范执行风险评价过程,并落实风险削减措施,以深化日常小型检维修作业的HSE管理。 相似文献
1000.
LARS A. BRUDVIG§ CATHERINE M. MABRY JAMES R. MILLER† TRACY A. WALKER‡ 《Conservation biology》2007,21(3):864-874
Abstract: Reintroduction of fire and grazing, alone or in combination, has increasingly been recognized as central to the restoration of North American mixed-grass and tallgrass prairies. Although ecological studies of these systems are abundant, they have generally been observational, or if experimental, have focused on plant species diversity. Species diversity measures alone are not sufficient to inform management, which often has goals associated with life-form groups and individual species. We examined the effects of prescribed fire, light cattle grazing, and a combination of fire and grazing on three vegetation components: species diversity, groups of species categorized by life-form, and individual species. We evaluated how successful these three treatments were in achieving specific management goals for prairies in the Iowa Loess Hills (U.S.A.). The grazing treatment promoted the greatest overall species richness, whereas grazing and burning and grazing treatments resulted in the lowest cover by woody species. Burning alone best achieved the management goals of increasing the cover and diversity of native species and reducing exotic forb and (predominantly exotic) cool-season grass cover. Species-specific responses to treatments appeared idiosyncratic (i.e., within each treatment there existed a set of species attaining their highest frequency) and nearly half of uncommon species were present in only one treatment. Because all management goals were not achieved by any one treatment, we conclude that management in this region may need refining. We suggest that a mosaic of burning and grazing (alone and in combination) may provide the greatest landscape-level species richness; however, this strategy would also likely promote the persistence of exotic species. Our results support the need to consider multiple measures, including species-specific responses, when planning and evaluating management . 相似文献