渝鄂湘黔接壤贫困山区农村劳动力就业转移研究

渝鄂湘黔接壤地区是位居我国腹心的重要待开发贫困山区。农村劳动力严重过剩，就业转移问题；突出，１９９６年农村劳动力剩余量达８００～１０００万人，且呈增长趋势。到２０１０年，农村劳动力将达２２００万人，剩余量约达１２００～１４００万人，就业压力很大。本区农村劳动力就业转移应实行就地转移和输出转移双管齐下，其转移的主要领域包括商品农业、乡镇企业、生态经济经营型生态环境建设及劳务输出等。研究结果说明，上述     

基于元胞自动机的城市区域火蔓延概率模型探讨

考虑建筑结构物震后可能发生的次生火灾的不确定性,给出解决问题的基本思路,构建了基于元胞自动机的城市地震次生火灾蔓延概率模型,指出元胞着火的概率与建筑物的特性和灾害条件有关,包括建筑材料、外墙是否有开口、与着火元胞的距离、地震对建筑的破坏程度以及气象条件等因素。模型通过设置没有开口的外墙以及道路和空地来区分单体建筑和建筑之间的火蔓延。该模型量化了影响火蔓延概率的因素,能快速实现城市区域火蔓延过程的动态模拟,特别适宜用于城市宏观角度上的火蔓延模拟。模拟结果再现了火灾过程,这不仅提高了人们对城市区域火蔓延危害的认识,而且为城市规划设计和消防扑救措施提供了有益的理论依据。     

在城区基础建设中发挥生态建设的作用

为了使北京市城区基础建设与环境保护协调发展,将城市基础建设中的污染降低,具体分析了基础建设的特点和存在的环境问题,并提出对策,提倡在城区基础建设中发挥生态建设的作用。     

"九五"期间昆明市盘龙区酸雨状况分析

本文通过对盘龙区‘‘九五"期间降水监测结果进行评价,得出昆明市中心区酸雨的变化趋势,并加以分析,提出对策建议.     

白云湖湿地生态功能区规划及保障措施

在实地调查的基础上,根据资源经济学、生态经济学的理论和方法,针对白云湖湿地资源的主要功能特点,对其各个区域的生态服务功能价值--直接利用价值和间接利用价值进行了货币化评估,由此进行湿地功能区域划分,并对各个区域进行了现状分析,从而得出最优目标,以期达到在保护好湿地生态环境的基础上进行资源的合理开发,实现湖区湿地资源的可持续利用,保证湖区经济和社会的可持续发展.     

历史街区旅游开发初探

在阐释历史街区内涵的基础上，研究了历史街区旅游开发的问题。通过分析历史街区旅游开发的必要性及可能带来的负面影响，依据历史街区的保护原则，借鉴国内外历史古城旅游利用的基本思路，提出了历史街区旅游开发的“主客相融”模式和“低密高质”模式。     

A SUCCESSFUL WATER CONSERVATION PROGRAM IN A SEMIARID REGION OF NEBRASKA1

ABSTRACT: Ground water irrigation pumpage of the High Plains Aquifer is controlled at the state level in Texas and Oklahoma but at the regional level in Kansas and Nebraska. Critical declines in the aquifer that threatened the reliability of local public water supply wells prompted Nebraska's Upper Republican Natural Resources District (URNRD) to mandate water restrictions in 1978. Under current regulations, irrigators may not extract more than 1,842 millimeters of water per certified hectare (ha) in any five‐year period. Meter monitoring ensures that irrigators comply with restrictions. Farmers now incorporate irrigation scheduling into their cropping practices in order to meet URNRD controls. This study examines whether irrigators are using ground water efficiently while complying with pumpage limits. Crop irrigation requirements (CIR) from 1986 to 1999 were derived from a water balance approach incorporating Penman‐Monteith evapotranspira‐tion (ET) calculations from weather data supplied by the High Plains Climate Center automated weather station network. A ratio of average water pumped per well to the CIR was developed to verify irrigation efficiency. Results indicate that irrigation applications were less than CIR during most irrigation seasons. Irrigation efficiency increases can be attributed to crop rotations, favorable growing season precipitation, use of ET estimates to schedule irrigation, and water allocations limited to less than all certified hectares.     

泥石流灾害风险评价方法及其应用研究

探讨泥石流灾害风险评价的理论和方法;利用已有的泥石流灾害资料,建立泥石流风险评价体系和实施流程;提出风险评价的定量计算方法;结合遥感和地理信息系统技术,完成了云南省昆明市东川区泥石流灾害的定量风险评价。研究结果与泥石流实际分布和调查资料基本一致,表明所提出的泥石流灾害风险评价的理论与方法具有一定的理论价值和现实意义,可以为泥石流灾害风险评价和防灾减灾管理提供有益的科学依据。     

Organochlorine pesticide residues in ground water of Thiruvallur district, India

Modern agriculture practices reveal an increase in use of pesticides and fertilizers to meet the food demand of increasing population which results in contamination of the environment. In India crop production increased to 100% but the cropping area has increased marginally by 20%. Pesticides have played a major role in achieving the maximum crop production, but maximum usage and accumulation of pesticide residues was highly detrimental to aquatic and other ecosystem. The present study was chosen to know the level of organochlorines contamination in ground water of Thiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu, India. The samples were highly contaminated with DDT, HCH, endosulfan and their derivatives. Among the HCH derivatives, Gamma HCH residues was found maximum of 9.8 μg/l in Arumbakkam open wells. Concentrations of pp-DDT and op-DDT were 14.3 μg/l and 0.8 μg/l. The maximum residue (15.9 μg/l) of endosulfan sulfate was recorded in Kandigai village bore well. The study showed that the ground water samples were highly contaminated with organochlorine residues.     

水资源对区域社会经济发展的支撑能力研究--以济南市长清区为例

水资源支撑能力即在当前技术水平条件下,某一区域水资源对区域发展总体目标的支撑限度.该文以系统动力学理论为指导,对长清区水资源的支撑能力进行了分析.拟定出在水资源约束条件下的三个区域发展方案,即:(1)水资源投资控制;(2)工业增长速度控制;(3)污水回用率控制.仿真结果分析表明,以方案(3)的适用性较好,在水资源投资不断增加,投资比例趋于合理的情况下,水资源对社会经济发展的支撑能力将由2002年的0.98提高天2010年的1.0.