神农架野生珍稀濒危植物及其保护对策研究

本文研究表明神农架共有国家保护的野生珍稀濒危植物21科26属28种(包括变种)。保护植物之生活型以高位芽植物占绝对优势,花期主要集中于4～5月,果期主要集中于9～11月。本文还从就地保护和迁地保存两方面阐述了珍稀濒危植物的保护对策。     

重庆金佛山降雪中飞灰单颗粒特征及来源解析

大气降雪能够保存大气环境信息,是研究区域环境的良好介质.位于渝黔交接带的金佛山海拔2 251.1 m,冬季降水以降雪的形式出现,周边区域人类活动强烈.关于该区域大气气溶胶中的飞灰单颗粒特征的研究比较缺乏.本研究采集了金佛山5个降雪样品,运用扫描电镜及X能谱分析联用系统(SEM-EDS)对样品中的132个飞灰进行单颗粒形貌、化学组成分析.结果表明,研究区降雪中存在大量球形飞灰,包含光滑颗粒、粗糙颗粒及聚合体颗粒3种形态,分别占统计颗粒的80.31%、14.39%和5.30%;平均粒径1.64μm,平均环度1.09.按主导化学元素分为富硅类、富碳类、富铁类、富铝类及富钛类5种,所占比例分别为34.09%、49.24%、12.88%、2.27%和1.52%.结合气象资料、气团后向运移轨迹和飞灰性质,推测富碳类飞灰可能主要来自于生活排放源和工业活动;富硅类飞灰可能来自于渝西、黔北、湘中、浙赣一带及粤西的火力发电厂等高温燃煤工业;富铁类及富钛类飞灰则可能来源于渝西和黔北、湘中的钢铁厂、轧钢厂等金属冶炼活动.     

Comparison of vegetation conditions along two backcountry trails in Mount Robson Provincial Park, British Columbia (Canada)

Vegetation conditions, i.e., plant cover, species richness, and the presence of exotic species, are compared along a high-use trail (Berg Lake Trail--BLT) and a low use trail (Mt. Fitzwilliam Trail--FWT) in Canada's Mt. Robson Provincial Park. We established 71 paired quadrats (1 m x 1 m), and assessed the amount of vegetation cover and species richness by four main lifeforms, i.e., woody species, herbaceous species, ferns, and moss, lichen and fungi. The following hypotheses were tested: (1) differences exist between control and trailside quadrats in vegetation cover, species richness and floristic diversity, and (2) differences exist between the high and low-use trails in the above-mentioned three parameters. Results show that for the majority of variables the differences between the control and trailside quadrats are statistically not significant. Variables showing significant differences are relative vegetation cover (for BLT only), exposed soil (BLT and FWT), herbaceous cover (FWT), moss, lichen and fungi cover (BLT), overall species richness (BLT), and herbaceous species richness (BLT). Ruderal and exotic species are present but only on trailside quadrats of the high-use trail. Results indicate that the Park administration's strategy to disperse use in the Mt. Robson Provincial Park should be examined critically, and some guidelines for acceptability of changes should be developed.     

九华山国内客源市场空间结构与出游行为研究

在实地调查的基础上，分析了九华山国内客源市场空间结构及其演变特征，得出国内客源市场集中程度降低、客源吸引力不断增强、波浪式推进的演变结论，并探讨了九华山旅游行为空间模式主要以单一目的地旅游模式和区域旅游模式为主，根据旅游意向调查结果显示，九华山与黄山在客源市场方面具有较强的互补性。     

山岳型旅游地旅游产品深度开发研究——以峨眉山为例

旅游产品是旅游目的地藉以吸引旅游者的最重要因素，对其进行开拓和深度开发对保持旅游地持久的竞争优势具有重要意义。经过大量的实地考察和资料收集，选取我国重要的山岳型旅游地——峨眉山为样区，在对开发理论和作为传统山岳型旅游地的峨眉山的旅游产品现存的主要问题探讨基础上，提出了峨眉山旅游地旅游产品深度开发的具体途径。     

Aerosol optical properties and the mixing state of black carbon at a background mountainous site in Eastern China

In-situ measurements of aerosol optical properties were conducted at Mt. Huang from September 23 to October 28, 2012. Low averages of 82.2, 10.9, and 14.1 Mm~(-1) for scattering coefficient(σ_(sp, neph, 550)), hemispheric backscattering coefficient(σ_(hbsp, neph, 550)), and absorption coefficient(σ_(ap, 550)), respectively, were obtained. Atmospheric aging process resulted in the increase of σap, 550 but the decrease of the single scattering albedo(ω_(550)) at constant aerosol concentration. However, the proportion of non-light-absorbing components(non-BCs) was getting higher during the aging process, resulting in the increase of aerosol diameter, which also contributed to relatively higher σ_(sp, neph, 550) and ω_(550). Diurnal cycles of σ_(sp, neph, 550) and σ_(ap, 550) with high values in the morning and low values in the afternoon were observed closely related to the development of the planetary boundary layer and the mountain-valley breeze. BC mixing state, represented by the volume fraction of externally mixed BC to total BC(r), was retrieved by using the modified Mie model.The results showed r reduced from about 70% to 50% when the externally mixed non-BCs were considered. The periodical change and different diurnal patterns of r were due to the atmospheric aging and different air sources under different synoptic systems. Local biomass burning emissions were also one of the influencing factors on r. Aerosol radiative forcing for different mixing state were evaluated by a "two-layer-single-wavelength" model,showing the cooling effect of aerosols weakened with BC mixing state changing from external to core-shell mixture.     

神农架风景资源特色研究

神农架山势雄伟，亚热带与温带叠置的气候条件孕育了丰富多姿的自然景观，其风景资源具有神、奇、珍、幽四大特色。其中以神秘的原始森林和珍稀的野生动植物资源最具魅力。     

2011年6~8月平流输送对黄山顶污染物浓度的影响

基于单条后向轨迹的滞留时间场和污染物排放强度场,设计了一种可以评估该轨迹对污染物的平流输送强度参数.利用2011年6~8月光明顶CO和O3浓度资料对该参数进行了验证,进而分析了该观测时段平流输送对光明顶污染物的影响;此外将O3浓度分成3档,利用改进的PSCF(Potential source contribution function)方法分析了各档浓度对应的源区分布.结果表明:(1)平流输送评估参数与污染物浓度的变化具有很好的一致性,表明平流输送对光明顶污染物浓度的变化具有重要作用.其中,安徽、湖北和江西三省交界区域的城市群向光明顶输送的污染物占到输送总量的一半以上;(2)光明顶O3浓度 >55×10-9、(30~55)×10-9、<30×10-9时所对应的主要源区分别为华北及长三角发达工业区、黄山西南方向的工业区、较远的南部沿海地区;(3)影响光明顶污染物浓度变化的输送类型可以分为秸秆燃烧输送、发达工业区气团输送、西南方向气团输送和海洋性气团输送4种类型,对应的污染物浓度(CO/O3)(×10-9)依次为474.47/72.50、221.16/57.71、86.31/30.41、51.67/27.45.     

典型岩溶区不同土地利用方式下雨季、旱季岩溶作用研究

2006年4月-2007年4月,通过野外溶蚀标准试片法,测试得出重庆金佛山岩溶区山腰碧潭泉和山顶水房泉两泉域5种典型土地利用方式下的6个测试点雨季和旱季溶蚀量.测试结果表明:雨季溶蚀量明显高于旱季,位于生态保护良好的山顶原始生态区测试点溶蚀率高于保护区、非保护区交界地带且受人类活动影响较大的山腰测试点;同一时段内不同土地利用方式下的测试点溶蚀速率也存在较大差异;6个测试点的年均溶蚀量由大到小依次为:水房泉竹林地>水房泉林地>水房泉草地>碧潭泉林地>碧潭泉灌草丛>碧潭泉耕地.从测试点的土壤基本理化性质分析得出,在研究区域内局地气候(降雨量、温度)影响的基础上,除了土壤CO_2浓度,土壤有机质也是控制两泉域岩溶速率的主要因素之一.     

Streamwater chemistry and flow dynamics along vegetation-soil gradient in a subalpine Abies fabri forest watershed, China

Streamwater chemistry and spatial flow dynamics from a subalpine Abies fabri forest in an experimental watershed located in the east slope of Gongga Mountain were analyzed to gain insights into the gradient effect of primary community succession on the stream biogeochemical process. Results showed that high sand content (exceeding 80%) and porosity in the soil(exceeding 20% in A horizon and 35% in B horizon), as well as a thick humus layer on the soil surface, made the water exchange quickly in the Huangbengliu (HBL) watershed. Consequently, no surface runoff was observed, and the stream discharge changed rapidly with the daily precipitation. The flow trends of base ions in the stream water were influenced by the Abies fabri succession gradient. Ca^2 , HCO3^- and SO4^2,- were the dominant anions in the streamwater in this region. A significant difference of Ca^2 , HCO3^- and SO4^2- concentration exported between the succession stages in the watershed can be found. But they had the similar temporal change in the stream flow. Ca^2 , HCO3^- and SO4^2- showed significantly negative correlations with the daily precipitation and the stream discharge. Concentrations of Cl^- , Na^ , K^ , and Mg^2 were low in all streamwaters monitored and we observed no differences along the Abies fabri succession gradient. Low ratios of Na. (Na Ca) (range from 0.1 to 0.2) implied cations were from bedrock weathering (internal source process in the soil system) in this region. But, a variance analysis showed there were almost no differences between rainwater and streamwaters for Mg^2 , Na^ , K^ , and Cl^- concentrations. This indicated that they might be come from rainfall inputs(external source). The highly mobile capacity, rapid water exchange between precipitation and discharge, and long-term export lead to this observed pattern were suggested.