秦皇岛市土地利用结构与土壤侵蚀空间格局分析

利用3S技术和景观生态学原理,以小流域为单元对秦皇岛市土地利用结构和土壤侵蚀等级类型进行空间分析,得出了不同土地利用结构所占面积和不同土壤侵蚀类型所占面积及分布小流域,并详细分析了秦皇岛市土壤侵蚀的主要影响因子和不同土地利用结构侵蚀现状。     

Mathematical approaches to the analysis of the spatial-age structures of tussock herb species

Some up-to-date methods of analysis of the spatial and age structures of populations, including local population density maps and Ripley’s functions, are described using 20 cenopopulations (CPs) of Adonis vernalis L. as an example. Pregenerative plants have been found to be the most contagious, irrespective of climatic and phytocenotic conditions and land use type. The spatial distribution pattern and structure of A. vernalis are mainly determined by generative plants forming a tussock, irrespective of the climate and vegetation type. This is explained by higher competitiveness of generative plants, which results in a reduced vegetation density at small distances from them (25–50 cm). Within wider areas, plant distribution may be random due to uniformity of local conditions in microhabitats. The formation of distinct plant aggregations is accounted for by insufficient water supply and the intensity and type of anthropogenic impact.     

一种基于ARM的视频监控系统的设计

嵌入式技术对降低监控系统成本、提高系统可靠性有着卓越贡献,因此基于嵌入式系统的网络视频监控系统将成为新的研发热点.本文简要叙述了一种性能稳定且具有较强处理能力的数字化远程视频监控系统.该监控系统以嵌入式Linux系统平台作为服务器端,服务器程序在其上以后台方式运行,等待监控系统环境中的客户机使用浏览器向其发送访问请求,实现在局域网乃至Internet网上对摄像头的远程控制,构成了一个高质量、监控方式灵活、可靠性好和具有易于扩展架构的网络视频监控系统.     

改性前后陶粒去除H2S的对比实验研究

分别以改性前后陶粒作为生物滴滤塔填料,进行去除H2S的对比实验研究.结果表明,改性后陶粒表面性质优于改性前陶粒;改性后陶粒挂膜时间短,对H2S降解菌有较强的吸附周定作用,适宜H2S降解菌生长,生物含量高;在H2S初始质量浓度为124～4 396 mg/m3时,改性后陶粒对H2S的去除能力优于改性前陶粒.     

底泥厌氧环境和光照对菹草萌发和幼苗生理的影响

通过向底泥中投加不同量的蔗糖使其发生厌氧反应以模拟不同程度的底泥厌氧环境,研究这种环境和光照强度对菹草石芽萌发和幼苗生理作用的影响。实验结果表明,底泥厌氧环境能显著降低菹草石芽的最终萌发率,且低光照会加剧这种趋势;尽管低光照不一定会提高最终的萌发率,但对提早石芽的萌发是有利的。在01%蔗糖投加处理中,幼苗的叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量最高(平均为250和1928 mg/g FW),其后随投加量的升高而降低,而游离氨基酸的含量却一直呈上升趋势,最高时达到024 mg/g FW ,但低光照却使它下降;可溶性糖含量基本不受底泥厌氧水平的影响,但随着光照减少而降低。随着厌氧水平的增加（从对照到05%蔗糖投加量）,菹草的超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈现上升趋势,但在10%蔗糖投加处理中活性降至最低;而过氧化物酶(POD)活性一直处于下降趋势。研究结论是：底泥厌氧对菹草石芽萌发影响显著,这种影响可能比低光照的限制作用还要重要。轻度的厌氧环境反而能促进菹草幼苗的生理代谢,但随厌氧水平的升高对碳氮平衡和其它生理活动产生不利影响。此外,底泥厌氧环境对菹草幼苗的抗氧化系统也有明显刺激作用。     

Hydroxyiminodisuccinic acid (HIDS): A novel biodegradable chelating ligand for the increase of iron bioavailability and arsenic phytoextraction

The influence of biodegradable chelating ligands on arsenic and iron uptake by hydroponically grown rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.) was investigated. Even though the growth solution contained sufficient Fe, the growth of rice seedlings gradually decreased up to 76% with the increase of pH of the solution from 7 to 11. Iron forms insoluble ferric hydroxide complexes at neutral or alkaline pH in oxic condition. Chelating ligands produce soluble ‘Fe–ligand complex’ which assist Fe uptake in plants. The biodegradable chelating ligand hydroxyiminodisuccinic acid (HIDS) was more efficient then those of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS), and iminodisuccinic acid (IDS) in the increase of Fe uptake and growth of rice seedling. A total of 79 ± 20, 87 ± 6, 116 ± 15, and 63 ± 18 mg dry biomass of rice seedlings were produced with the addition of 0.5 mM of EDDS, EDTA, HIDS, and IDS in the nutrient solution, respectively. The Fe concentrations in rice tissues were 117 ± 15, 82 ± 8, 167 ± 25, and 118 ± 22 μmol g⁻¹ dry weights when 0.25 mM of EDDS, EDTA, HIDS, and IDS were added to the nutrient solution, respectively. Most of the Fe accumulated in rice tissues was stored in roots after the addition of chelating ligands in the solution. The results indicate that the HIDS would be a potential alternative to environmentally persistent EDTA for the increase of Fe uptake and plant growth. The HIDS also increased As uptake in rice root though its translocation from root to shoot was not augmented. This study reports HIDS for the first time as a promising chelating ligand for the enhancement of Fe bioavailability and As phytoextraction.     

大薸对水体氮磷去除效果的初步研究

通过大薸在模拟富营养化水体中的培养试验,研究其在不同程度富营养化水体中对N、P的去除效果。结果显示：在总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）初始浓度分别为245～941 mg/L和044～153 mg/L的3种富营养化水体中,大薸均可正常生长。经过21 d的生长,大薸鲜重达16433～1934 g,干重达857～1053 g,大薸鲜重的特定生长率为044%～119%/d,大薸干重的特定生长率为046%～14%/d,大薸的分株速率为133%～362%/d。3种富营养化水体中的N、P去除量分别为6920～31860 mg和1560～6600 mg,大薸的N、P吸收量分别为3520～20821 mg和899～4837 mg,且随水体初始N、P浓度的升高而增加。大薸吸收对水体N去除的贡献率为5326%～6524%,对水体P去除的贡献率分别为5958%～7419%。由此可以看出,大薸对氮磷具有较好的去除效果,在富营养化水体中种植大薸可起到改善水质的作用     

新型填料特性及其在生物脱硫中的应用

为解决生物脱硫反应器酸化问题,研制出一种具有pH缓冲能力的生物填料。填料主要由碳酸钙﹑纯丙乳液和羟丙基纤维素制得。填料在水中浸泡6个月不会分解,吸水率大于20%。考察填料pH缓冲能力,结果表明,填料能将pH=5.0水溶液调节至pH=6.5以上。选取缓冲能力较稳定的BT50填料填充于反应器,以排硫硫杆菌(Thiobacillus thio-parus)挂膜,5个循环后反应器有效体积内的最大固定化菌体数量约为5.86×108cells/mL,并且硫代硫酸钠的消耗速率基本稳定,表明该填料可用于生物挂膜。在长达50 d脱硫实验中,H2S脱除率均在95%以上,整个脱硫阶段不再加入任何pH调节剂,反应器内pH仍能维持在6.7～7.1之间。     

聚丙烯腈基活性碳纤维用于烟气脱硫脱硝

应用聚丙烯腈基活性碳纤维(PAN-ACF)对模拟的工业烟气中的SO2和NO在烟气露点温度以上进行吸附脱除实验。通过改变固定床ACF装载量、反应温度、水蒸气体积分数和O2体积分数,研究了ACF脱硫效率和脱硝效率的变化规律,还研究了同时脱硫脱硝时入口SO2或NO浓度对脱除效率的影响。结果表明:PAN-ACF具有良好的脱硫性能和一定的脱硝能力,其脱硫效率和脱硝效率随着ACF装载量和O2体积分数的增大而升高,随着温度的升高而降低,随着水蒸气体积分数的增大先升高后降低;在同时脱硫脱硝时,SO2对ACF的脱硝反应有明显的抑制作用,而NO对ACF的脱硫反应影响不大。     

旁通式烟气循环流化床脱硫特性的数值模拟

应用标准k-ε模型、DPM模型和物质输运与化学反应模型模拟烟气循环流化床脱硫的两相流动及化学反应,模拟结果和实验数据符合较好。提出了一种旁通式烟气循环流化床,并进一步研究了钙硫比和脱硫剂粒径对旁通脱硫塔脱硫效率的影响。结果表明,脱硫剂颗粒粒径从15μm增大到300μm时,旁通式脱硫塔的脱硫效率略有降低但变化不大;当钙硫摩尔比从0.8增大到1.3时,脱硫效率随之有明显的增加,当钙硫比大于1.3时,脱硫效率随钙硫比的增大略有增加。