居室中甲醛含量及其释放因子关系的研究

在改变温度及湿度的条件下，对某些新居进行了密闭室内甲醛浓度的测定。表明室内甲醛浓度随时间衰减。甲醛初始浓度较大时，随温度升高，湿度增大，室内甲醛含量会明显增加。同时指出，升温过程中，室内甲醛的浓度增幅，初期要大于后期；温度与湿度同时增大，在一定范围内会联合加剧室内甲醛污染。     

Optimization of the ionization conditions for the trace analysis of PCDD/PCDF with ion trap MS/MS

Commercial ion trap mass spectrometer provides easy-to-operate MS/MS analysis for the determination of PCDD/PCDF. The limit of quantification is appropriately low (0.2 pg for 23478-P5CDF) because all the stages are performed in the trap and sample losses associated with the ion transportation are minimized. However, if excessive ions are injected into the trap, its electrical fields are distorted and an overall reduction in performance arises. Ionization condition is an important parameter as it affects the amount of the total ions produced. If the amount of interfering compounds are negligible, such as standard solution or cleaned-up sample, lower ionization condition (e.g. electron energy: 30 eV, emission current (EC): 150 μA) is preferable. On the contrary, in case excessive interfering ions are coexisting with PCDD/PCDF, such as crude extract or semi-cleaned-up sample, the ionization condition should be high (e.g. electron energy: 90 eV, EC: 350 μA) for the reproductive quantification.     

ASSESSMENT OF STORMWATER RUNOFF FOR RECYCLE IN COOLING TOWERS AT KSC,FLORIDA1

ABSTRACT: In addition to measuring the quantity of stormwater runoff generated during ten rainfall events from the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) area of Kennedy Space Center (KSC), historical rainfall records were also used for determining the feasibility of implementing a program of stormwater recycling to air conditioning cooling towers. It was projected that 0.182 million gallons per day (MGD) of runoff would be generated from the VAR area during a year of average rainfall (48 inches); only 0.117 MGD is required for coolant makeup water in the VAR area. Due to the seasonal variations in rainfall, stormwater recycling may not always meet all the cooling water demands.     

Quality standard codes of reference of Jordanian coastal waters of the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea

Back in 1992, the Gulf of Aqaba Environmental Action Plan (GAEAP), a collaboration between the Aqaba Region Authority (ARA), Jordan and the World Bank, gave considerable emphasis to the environmental protection of the Gulf of Aqaba [The World Bank. Gulf of Aqaba Environmental Action Plan. Report No. 12244JO (1993).]. The document recommended the establishment of a marine reserve and the long term monitoring of the coastal habitats' environmental quality. The combination of a dedicated follow up, the collaborative efforts of ARA and the Marine Science Station (MSS), and the founding of the Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority (ASEZA) have turned the recommendations into reality. A comprehensive monitoring program of the Jordanian coastal habitats commenced in 1999. The first three years of the program were financed by a donation from The Global Environmental Facility (GEF). In return, Jordan has committed itself to the maintenance of the monitoring program as an ongoing tool for sustainable coastal management. The monitoring program includes observations on benthic habitat, fish communities, bottom sediments and seawater quality. This paper focuses on the results of seawater-quality monitoring in the first three years. Records of weather conditions, coastal currents, seawater temperature, transparency, salinity, density, pH, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, silicate, particulate matter, chlorophyll a, zooplankton biomass, total coliform, fecal coliform, hydrocarbons and sedimentation rate have been generated monthly since January 1999 at six coastal stations, and one offshore reference station, in the Jordanian waters of the Gulf of Aqaba. The coastal stations are located at sites with different benthic habitats and are occupied by different human activities. Offshore records of density (thermohaline structure), nutrients and chlorophyll a depicted two well-defined seasons; a nutrient-/chlorophyll a-rich, mixed water winter from December to April and a nutrient-/chlorophyll a-poor, stratified water summer from June to October. Short transition seasons appeared in May and November. The mixing and stratification seasons were also clearly depicted in the coastal waters. Statistical analysis of the three-year data collected at the offshore station revealed no significant inter-annual differences in the upper 125 m of the water column with respect to any of the measured parameters. At coastal stations, the water quality at the two northernmost stations was significantly different in comparison to the upper 125 m at the offshore station and to the other coastal stations, with respect to the two key indicator parameters: inorganic nitrogen and chlorophyll a. The three-year findings of the monitoring program are employed to suggest standard codes of reference for the coastal water quality.     

我国环境空间规划制度的研究进展

建立严格的环境空间管控制度,可以破解现阶段城市出现的一系列复合型、区域性和格局性环境问题,对从源头促进"人-城市-自然"和谐发展具有重要意义。为全面梳理环境空间规划制度和弥补其研究发展中的不足,对以环境功能区划、城市环境总体规划和生态保护红线制度为代表的环境空间规划制度的理论、技术与实践进行了较为全面的分析,对现有研究和未来探索提出展望,以期为以环境质量改善和风险防范为指导的环境空间规划制度提供理论依据和实践管理经验,从而全面引导城市的健康可持续发展。     

论空间规划的“三个空间”与“两个边界”

通过梳理与总结各类具有空间性质的规划中提及的管控空间类型,分析了各类空间性规划在制度与实践中存在的问题,对空间规划的重点内容即生产空间、生态空间、生活空间以及保护边界和开发边界的对象进行了初步划分,并且对"三个空间"和"两个边界"的特征进行了初步归纳。     

一种以人为本的城市绿地评价方法及其应用——以南京市城市绿地质量评价为例

文章基于"以人为本"的理念,构建了从使用者角度对城市绿地质量评价的简明指标体系,采用多边形综合指标法及德尔菲法,兼顾科学性和可操作性,并应用该指标体系尝试分析南京市城市绿地质量。结果表明:南京城市绿地总体质量处于一般水平,其中公园绿地和风景名胜与自然保护区绿地质量较高。在各项评价指标中,南京居民对绿地管理质量满意度较低,视觉效果满意度、空间布局满意度较高。该评价体系从使用者角度展现了城市绿地的整体水平并直观反映出城市绿地所存在的问题,可为城市绿地规划与管理以及综合评价指标的构建提供重要的依据与参考。     

Developing a framework to assess costs and benefits of Health Impact Assessment

This paper presents some early thinking as to how the costs and benefits of HIA might be assessed. After considering previous work it uses a comprehensive HIA in Dulwich, SE London as a case study to highlight the possibilities and difficulties of collecting necessary data on costs and benefits. It then sets a context for developing a cost–benefit framework for analysis. The framework is viewed alongside the major types of economic evaluation. The paper concludes with a review of outstanding issues and considers how evidence on cost and benefit might make a difference in the application of HIA.     

“安全公正空间”框架在区域环境管理中的应用——以太白湖流域为例

近年兴起的“安全公正空间”（Safe and Just Operating Space）理论框架突出了环境安全上限,兼顾了社会发展主要指标的达成度,对区域环境安全和社会可持续发展具有重要意义。选择长江中下游太白湖这一典型湖泊流域,整合周边县市社会调查数据及过去近150余年来的沉积记录（包括地球化学、孢粉、硅藻等多指标）,分别从环境安全及社会基础两个方面,构建了该流域社会-生态系统安全公正空间。结果显示：目前,流域内水质、空气质量、耕地面积和水土保持这4个指标超越了环境上限,处于危险状态;清洁能源、产业创新的社会基础完成度相对较低。该框架有助于流域系统的管理和决策,同时也有利于公众理解环境上限和社会基础之间交互复杂的关系。本研究亦展示了多源环境数据,特别是古湖沼学记录,能为区域生态环境管理提供重要的长期背景资料。     

Access数据库加密系统安全性剖析及改进策略

MSAccess是国内中小型企业的MIS广泛采用的数据库系统,它开发和维护都很方便,而且数据处理功能强大,是目前应用最为广泛地中小型数据库系统。但是由于其在加密方面设计欠周密,造成用户可以通过日期字段等方式对隐藏的密钥进行还原,使之成为该种数据库系统首要安全问题。笔者对其加密系统的漏洞和各种获取Access数据库密码的方式进行分析,提出一种通用的动态密钥空间加密技术改进和保护同类问题数据库系统。该技术具有密码保护的通用性和确保加密信息安全的特殊性;必定能为目前广大的MSAccess用户现存的数据安全问题的解决提供良好的思路和实施方法。同时它也给具有类似安全漏洞的大型数据库的加密体系的设计提供一个极好的新策略。