全文获取类型
收费全文 | 246篇 |
免费 | 3篇 |
国内免费 | 78篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 14篇 |
废物处理 | 2篇 |
环保管理 | 23篇 |
综合类 | 155篇 |
基础理论 | 62篇 |
环境理论 | 1篇 |
污染及防治 | 58篇 |
评价与监测 | 5篇 |
社会与环境 | 4篇 |
灾害及防治 | 3篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 8篇 |
2022年 | 8篇 |
2021年 | 12篇 |
2020年 | 14篇 |
2019年 | 18篇 |
2018年 | 11篇 |
2017年 | 11篇 |
2016年 | 15篇 |
2015年 | 18篇 |
2014年 | 14篇 |
2013年 | 17篇 |
2012年 | 14篇 |
2011年 | 20篇 |
2010年 | 11篇 |
2009年 | 11篇 |
2008年 | 8篇 |
2007年 | 14篇 |
2006年 | 18篇 |
2005年 | 16篇 |
2004年 | 17篇 |
2003年 | 7篇 |
2002年 | 11篇 |
2001年 | 5篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有327条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
71.
Frimmel FH 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2003,10(6):408-413
BACKGROUND: Water is the basis for life and culture. In addition to the availability of water its quality has become a major issue in industrialized areas and in developing countries as well. Water usage has to be seen as part of the hydrological cycle. As a consequence water management has to be sustainable. The aim of the contribution is to give water usage oriented quality criteria and to focus on the technical means to achieve them. MAIN FEATURES: Water is used for many purposes, ranging from drinking and irrigation to a broad variety of technical processes. Most applications need specific hygienic, chemical and/or physical properties. RESULTS: To meet these demands separation and reaction principles are applied. The reuse of water and the application of water treatment with little or no waste and by-product formation is the way to go. Membrane separation and advanced oxidation including catalytic reactions are promising methods that apply natural processes in sustainable technical performance. Thus elimination of specific water constituents (e.g. salts and metals, microorganisms) and waste water cleaning (e.g. pollutants, nutrients and organic water) can be done efficiently. OUTLOOK: Learning from nature and helping nature with appropriate technology is a convincing strategy for sustainable water management. 相似文献
72.
膜生物反应器中膜分离单元运行参数优化试验 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
用生活杂排水对膜生物反应器中膜分离单元的运行参数进行了优化试验研究,膜分离单元采用中空纤维超滤膜,试验表明,在适宜的反冲洗和化学清洗条件下,膜的透水率可及时、有效地恢复,使膜生物反应器能长期稳定地运行。 相似文献
73.
中空纤维膜器处理含铀(VI)废水的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在中空纤维膜器中研究了二(2-乙基己基)磷酸(HDEHP_煤油膜萃取含铀(Ⅵ)废水。实验表明,HDEHP-煤油膜萃取铀(Ⅵ)的萃取率随萃取时间的增加而增加;当水相pH大于2时,水相酸度对速率影响较小,当水相pH小于2时,随着水相pH的提高,速率明显上升;提高水相流速可提高膜萃取率;当有机相HDEHP浓度小于0.01mol/L时,随着HDEHP浓度的提高萃取率上升,当大于0.01mol/L后,其浓度改变对萃取率影响不大。温度和有机相流速对膜萃取率影响较小。 相似文献
74.
75.
Yuanzhi Hu Qian Yang Yang Guo Jie Xu Wenfeng Zhou Jing Li Ernest R. Blatchley 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(6):256-263
Volatile organic chloramines are reported as the disinfection byproducts during chlorination or chloramination.However,ClO_2,as an important alternative disinfectant for chlorine,was not considered to produce halogenated amines.In the present work,volatile organic chloramines including(CH_3)_2 NCl and CH_3 NCl_2 were found to be generated during the reaction of ClO_2 and the dye pollutants.(CH_3)_2 NCl was the dominant volatile DBP to result from ClO_2 treated all four dye pollutants including Methyl Orange,Methyl Red,Methylene Blue and Malachite Green,with molar yields ranging from 2.6% to 38.5% at a ClO_2 to precursor(ClO_2/P) molar ratio of 10.HOCl was identified and proved to be the reactive species for the formation of (CH_3)_2 NCl,which implied(CH_3)_2 NCl was transformed by a combined oxidation of ClO_2 and hypochlorous acid.(CH_3)_2 NCl concentrations in the ppb range were observed when real water samples were treated by ClO_2 in the presence of the dye pollutants.The results suggest that these azo dyes are one of the significant precursors for the formation of HOCl during ClO_2 treatment and that organic chloramines should be considered in ClO_2 disinfection chemistry and water treatment. 相似文献
76.
Traditional culture methods may underestimate the tolerance of microorganisms to disinfectants because of the existence of viable but nonculturable or sublethally injured cells after disinfection.The selection of a strict method is crucial for the evaluation of disinfection performance.The actions of 2 typical disinfectants–ultraviolet(UV)and chlorine–on the fecal indicator Escherichia coli were investigated by the detection of culturability,membrane permeability,metabolic activity,deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA),and messenger ribonucleic acid(m RNA).During UV disinfection,the irreversible damages in the cell membrane and cellular adenosine triphosphate(ATP)were negligible at low UV doses(80 m J/cm~2).However,membrane permeability was damaged at low doses of chlorine(5 mg/L),leading to leakage of cellular ATP.Our study showed that a slight lesion in DNA was detected even at high doses of UV(400 m J/cm~2)and chlorine(5 mg/L)treatments.The decay of m RNA was more rapid than that of DNA.The degradation level of m RNA depended on the choice of target genes.After exposure to 50 m J/cm~2UV dose or 5 mg/L chlorine for30 min,the DNA damage repair function(Rec A m RNA)was inhibited.The m RNA involved in the DNA damage repair function can be a potential indicator of bacterial viability. 相似文献
77.
78.
Municipal sewage from an oxidation ditch was treated for reuse by nanofiltration (NF) in this study. The NF performance was optimized, and its fouling characteristics after different operational durations (i.e., 48 and 169 hr) were analyzed to investigate the applicability of nanofiltration for water reuse. The optimum performance was achieved when transmembrane pressure = 12 bar, pH = 4 and flow rate = 8 L/min using a GE membrane. The permeate water quality could satisfy the requirements of water reclamation for different uses and local standards for water reuse in Beijing. Flux decline in the fouling experiments could be divided into a rapid flux decline and a quasi-steady state. The boundary flux theory was used to predict the evolution of permeate flux. The expected operational duration based on the 169-hr experiment was 392.6 hr which is 175% longer than that of the 48-hr one. High molecular weight (MW) protein-like substances were suggested to be the dominant foulants after an extended period based on the MW distribution and the fluorescence characteristics. The analyses of infrared spectra and extracellular polymeric substances revealed that the roles of both humic- and polysaccharide-like substances were diminished, while that of protein-like substances were strengthened in the contribution of membrane fouling with time prolonged. Inorganic salts were found to have marginally influence on membrane fouling. Additionally, alkali washing was more efficient at removing organic foulants in the long term, and a combination of water flushing and alkali washing was appropriate for NF fouling control in municipal sewage treatment. 相似文献
79.
As a routine measurement to alleviate membrane fouling, hydraulic cleaning is of great significance for the steady operation of ultrafiltration (UF) systems in water treatment processes. In this work, a comparative study was performed to investigate the effects of the composition of backwash water on the hydraulic cleaning performance of UF membranes fouled by humic acid (HA). Various types of backwash water, including UF permeate, Milli-Q water, NaCl solution, CaCl2 solution and HA solution, were compared in terms of hydraulically irreversible fouling index, total surface tension and residual HA. The results indicated that Milli-Q water backwash was superior to UF permeate backwash in cleaning HA-fouled membranes, and the backwash water containing Na+ or HA outperformed Milli-Q water in alleviating HA fouling. On the contrary, the presence of Ca2 + in backwash water significantly decreased the backwash efficiency. Moreover, Ca2 + played an important role in foulant removal, and the residual HA content closely related to the residual Ca2 + content. Mechanism analysis suggested that the backwash process may involve fouling layer swelling, ion exchange, electric double layer release and competitive complexation. Ion exchange and competitive complexation played significant roles in the efficient hydraulic cleaning associated with Na+ and HA, respectively. 相似文献
80.
Identifying the major fluorescent components responsible for ultrafiltration membrane fouling in different water sources 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Three-dimensional fluorescence excitation–emission matrix(EEM) coupled with parallel factor analysis(PARAFAC) was performed for a total of 18 water samples taken from three water sources(two lakes and one wastewater treatment plant(WWTP) secondary effluent),with the purpose of identifying the major ultrafiltration(UF) membrane foulants in different water sources. Three fluorescent components(C1, C2 and C3) were identified,which represented terrestrially derived humic-like substances(C1), microbially derived humic-like substances(C2), and protein-like substances(C3). The correlations between the different fluorescent components and UF membrane fouling were analyzed. It was shown that for the WWTP secondary effluent, all three components(C1, C2 and C3) made a considerable contribution to the irreversible and total fouling of the UF membrane.However, for the two lakes, only the C3 exhibited a strong correlation with membrane fouling, indicating that the protein-like substances were the major membrane foulants in the lake waters. Significant attachment of C1, C2 and C3 to the UF membrane was also confirmed by mass balance analyses for the WWTP secondary effluent; while the attachment of C1 and C2 was shown to be negligible for the two lakes. The results may provide basic formation for developing suitable fouling control strategies for sustainable UF processes. 相似文献