秦皇岛市太阳能开发利用发展对策研究

根据秦皇岛地理位置特点和城市定位,秦皇岛市开发利用太阳能主要从光伏发电、太阳能生态建筑、太阳能与风能协同进行海水淡化、太阳能与地热复合式空调系统和旅游场所综合利用太阳能等几方面进行发展。     

丽水小盆地型城市酸雨现状及成因分析

根据浙江省丽水市 1 986— 2 0 0 2年酸雨监测数据 ,对该市酸雨污染的现状特征及成因进行了分析。结果表明 ,丽水市酸雨污染严重 ,并呈逐年加重的趋势。冬、春季酸雨率高 ,降水 pH值低 ;降水的主要离子SO42 -与NO-3比值逐年下降 ,说明大气污染有从煤烟型转为煤烟型与机动车尾气混合型的趋势 ;煤耗量、地型地貌特点、低空逆温层频率、地面弱风频率对酸雨率和降水 pH值有明显的影响。     

思茅市三家村农户庭园系统的能流和经济流研究

通过对三家村 6种农户庭园模式进行能流和经济流的系统研究 ,得出三家村 6种农户庭园系统的能量投入为 (98.4 8～ 174 .4 5 )× 10 10 J·hm-2 ,能量产出为 (10 1.6 6～ 15 8.5 2 )× 10 10 J·hm-2 ,能量产投比为(0 .88～ 1.4 1)∶1,并且以种植业为主的农户庭园 (模式Ⅰ、Ⅱ )的能量产投比高于以养殖业和副业为主的农户庭园系统 (模式Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ ) ;三家村 6种农户庭园模式的经济产投比为 (1.0 0～ 1.35 )∶1,其高低次序是Ⅵ >Ⅶ >Ⅰ >Ⅱ >Ⅴ >Ⅸ ,6种农户庭园模式的经济产出为 2 32 7.9～ 980 3.4元。因此 ,三家村农户庭园系统是一个能量和经济的高投入高产出的人工生态系统     

扬州市生态旅游发展战略的研究

分析扬州市旅游业发展的优势和劣势，论述并评价扬州市主要的生态旅游资源，进行扬州市生态旅游发展的功能分区与项目策划，提出实施扬州市生态旅游发展战略的对策及措施。     

成都市大气中臭氧的分布及污染水平

根据2001年6月成都市建成区大气O3监测结果，对其在该时段大气中O3的分布现状、污染水平、污染特征进行分析，揭示了成都市大气环境中O3的时空分布规律以及O3的浓度受天气状况的影响规律。     

芜湖市郊土壤污染对土壤动物群落结构的影响

研究表明，芜湖市郊农田土壤动物群落的组成与数量随污染程度的加重而减少，土壤动物密度也呈同样的变化趋势，特别是中小型土壤动物，优势类群数量发生较大消长，常见类群和稀有类群的组成逐渐减少．多样性指数H与重金属污染程度之间关系因受到季节的影响而变得复杂：冬季和初夏污染较重样地优势类群数量减少，群落均匀性指数E增加而优势度指数C减小，多样性指数H较高；而春季处于过渡阶段，某些类群(如螨类)数量爆发，C增高，H较小．土壤动物群落密度一类群指数DG随污染加重而减小．受到重金属污染的农田土壤动物的表聚性减弱，甚至出现逆分布现象．图1表4参15     

平顶山市工业可持续发展途径探讨

工业的发展既要最大限度地满足人们物质与文化生活的需要,又要创造人类与自然之间和谐的生产与生活环境。从可持续发展的角度出发,分析了平顶山这一典型资源型城市工业发展的条件和现,针长期以高耗资源和粗放经 特征的发展模式,提出了其工业可持发展 途径,实现结构合理化及优化投资环境;建立资源节约型,在环境质量和资源基础上都可以长期承受的新型工业发展模式。     

Remote sensing of the urban heat island and its changes in Xiamen City of SE China

World-wide urbanization has significantly modified the landscape, which has important climatic implications across all scales due to the simultaneous removal of natural land cover and introduction of urban materials. This resulted in a phenomenon known as an urban heat island(UHI). A study on the UHI in Xiamen of China was carried out using remote sensing technology. Satellite thermal infrared images were used to determine surface radiant temperatures. Thermal remote sensing data were obtained from band 6 of two Landsat TM/ETM^ images of 1989 and 2000 to observe the UHI changes over l l-year period. The thermal infrared bands were processed through several image enhancement technologies. This generated two 3-dimension-perspective images of Xiamen‘s urban heat island in 1989 and 2000, respectively, and revealed heat characteristics and spatial distribution features of the UHI. To find out the change of the UHI between 1989 and 2000, the two thermal images were first normalized and scaled to seven grades to reduce seasonal difference and then overlaid to produce a difference image by subtracting corresponding pixels. The difference image showed an evident development of the urban heat island in the 11 years. This change was due largely to the urban expansion with a consequent alteration in the ratio of sensible heat flux to latent heat flux. To quantitatively compare UHI, an index called Urban-Heat-Island Ratio Index(URI) was created. It can reveal the intensity of the UHI within the urban area. The calculation of the index was based on the ratio of UHI area to urban area. The greater the index, the more intense the UHI was. The calculation of the index for the Xiamen City indicated that the ratio of UHI area to urban area in 2000 was less than that in 1989. High temperatures in several areas in 1989 were reduced or just disappeared, such as those in old downtown area and Gulangyu lsland. For the potential mitigation of the UHI in Xiamen, a long-term heat island reduction strategy of planting shade trees and using light-colored, highly reflective roof and paving materials should be included in the plans of the city planers, environmental managers and other decision-makers to improve the overall urban environment in the future.     

珠海市近岸海域水环境现状及可持续利用对策

近岸海域水环境对沿海城市的可持续发展具有重要意义 .根据实测资料分析了珠海市近岸海域水环境质量的基本现状以及污染物的主要来源 ,认为造成近海环境污染的主要原因是随着经济的发展 ,污染源增加 ,加上缺乏海洋环境保护意识 ,盲目开发利用海洋环境资源所致 .海洋环境监测和抗污染技术落后也是造成珠海市近岸海域水质超标的重要原因 .为此针对性地提出了珠海市海洋环境资源的可持续利用对策对建议 .     

Seasonal Fluctuation in Heavy Metal Pollution in Iran´s Siahroud River - A Preliminary Study (7 pp)

Background The management of its available water resources has become a key issue for Iran. During the last few decades, the water quality of Siahroud River in the coastal plain of the Caspian Sea in Gilan Province in Northern Iran has significantly degraded. The scarcity of water has been compounded by rapid population growth and increasing pollution from fertilizers, pesticides, and municipal and industrial wastes. One of the sources of this degradation is the movement of heavy metals from the river's watershed into the various water systems supported by the river, including the water system for Rasht City. Methods To study the magnitude of heavy metal pollution in the Siahroud River, seven heavy metals including Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Mn, Fe, and Ni were measured in duplicate from replicated water samples collected over five consecutive seasons and analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. In situ measurements of pH were taken with the samples and total organic carbon (TOC) was analyzed by IR gas measurement. Results The results demonstrated that four of the seven heavy metals including Pb, Fe, Cd, and Mn exceeded permissible safe levels as established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Multivariate factor analysis suggested that industrial land-use was the main contributing factor for the high levels of Fe and Mn in the Siahroud River, whereas, Cd was principly from agricultural activities in the watershed. The data also suggested that pH and TOC had an important role in the behaviour of Pb and Mn, and that the elevated levels of these two heavy metals in Siahroud River was the consequence of other anthropogenic sources. Only negligible levels of Zn, Cu and Ni were detected. Finally, all the sampling stations were subjected to cluster analysis. The results indicated that three different zones could be distinguished according to the levels of pollution. In addition, it was shown that the urban areas did not have a significant impact on the heavy metal pollution in the river. This observation stems from the fact that the data from the sampling stations before and after Rasht City were not significantly different. Recommendation . Preventive measures need to be undertaken in the land-use systems and watersheds of the Siahroud River to reduce the pollution levels of Pb, Cd, Mn and Fe.