南水北调东线水源核心区浮游植物多样性状况与评价研究

分别于2013年4月、8月、10月和2014年1月对南水北调东线水源核心区河流浮游植物群落结构、浮游植物密度进行调查,并利用多样性指数进行水质评价.区域共检出浮游植物5门34科67属118种,春秋两季物种数较多,夏冬两季物种数较少.优势种为蓝藻门小席藻( Phormidium.tenue)、绿藻门小球藻( Chlorella.pyrenoidosa)、硅藻门变异直链藻( Melosira.varians).区域浮游植物密度为3.5 ×105 cells/L,Shannon-wiener指数为2.32,Margalef指数为1.06,Pielou均匀度指数为0.54,水质为寡污-中污水平.     

Sustainability evaluation of the Grain for Green Project: from local people's responses to ecological effectiveness in Wolong Nature Reserve

This article examines the sustainability of the Grain for Green Project in the Wolong Nature Reserve. Pertinent data were collected through a questionnaire survey and a spatial analysis of reforested lands. The study results identified four critical issues that may influence the sustainability of the project in the study area. The first issue is concerned with the project’s impacts on local sustenance. Because local grain consumption depends greatly on compensation awarded by the project, the potential for sustainability of the project is compromised. The second issue is that the project causes negative effects on local incomes in the Wolong Nature Reserve, which may undermine local economic prospects. The third issue is that the project failed to deliver suitable habitat for the giant panda, although two of the suitability requirements that deal with landform features were met. Lastly, the project neglects great differences among geographical areas in the country, providing the same compensation and length of compensation period to all participants. Appropriate compensation mechanisms should be established and adapted to local economic, environmental, and social conditions. In managing nature reserves and moving toward sustainability, ensuring all aspects of local socioeconomic and ecological/environmental issues are properly addressed is a real challenge. Based on our study, some recommendations for improving sustainability of the project are given.     

Resilience of stocking capacity to changing climate in arid to Mediterranean landscapes

Small livestock is an important resource for rural human populations in dry climates. How strongly will climate change affect the capacity of the rangeland? We used hierarchical modelling to scale quantitatively the growth of shrubs and annual plants, the main food of sheep and goats, to the landscape extent in the eastern Mediterranean region. Without grazing, productivity increased in a sigmoid way with mean annual precipitation. Grazing reduced productivity more strongly the drier the landscape. At a point just under the stocking capacity of the vegetation, productivity declined precipitously with more intense grazing due to a lack of seed production of annuals. We repeated simulations with precipitation patterns projected by two contrasting IPCC scenarios. Compared to results based on historic patterns, productivity and stocking capacity did not differ in most cases. Thus, grazing intensity remains the stronger impact on landscape productivity in this dry region even in the future.     

长江中游盆地地质环境系统演变与防治对策

在构造沉降，泥沙淤积及人工围的相互的相互作用下，长江中游盆地质环境系统分割为演变化方向不同的两部分，堤外水域成为人工过饱盆地，堤内垸地成人为人工饥饿盆地。，长江某些区段及洞庭湖 水位抬升，垸地高程不断降低，洪涝渍害不断加剧。     

某矿破碎系统的电气改造设计中注重安全措施

本文介绍了在丰山铜矿选矿破碎系统电气改造设计中,注重安全,在系统功能、控制原理、设备构成、工程实施和操作维护等方面的措施和实际效果。     

Integrating methods for the environmental sustainability: the SPIn-Eco Project in the Province of Siena (Italy)

This paper shows how different methods can be integrated in order to provide an organic evaluation of the environmental sustainability at the territorial level. A territory is a complex, dynamic and open system where a population develops, uses resources, produces goods and services, consumes, depletes and finally obtains economic results. All these elements characterise human behaviour, which can be monitored, measured and compared to the capacity of the environment to sustain it in the long run. The SPIn-Eco Project for the Province of Siena (Italy) is described as an example of an environmental sustainability assessment of an area, and its methods (Ecological Footprint, Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Extended Exergy Analysis, Emergy Evaluation, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Remote Sensing) are briefly introduced. This Project has been proposed and funded by the most important provincial administrative and financial institutions in the territory (the Administration of the Province of Siena and the Monte dei Paschi Foundation, respectively), and was designed and realised in 4 years (2001-2004) by a research team coordinated by the University of Siena.     

利用冬春气候条件发展长江中游大麦生产

大麦是世界四大谷类作物之一,以适应性强、抗塑性强、抗逆性好、用途广而在世界各大洲广为种植。二次世界大战后,随着经济发展,大麦产量由６０年代的９９７０．０万ｔ增加到１９９４年的１５８７２．８万Ｔ,长江 中游历来是我国大麦的主要种植之一,随着我国经济的发展,大麦生产经况愈下,成为我国进口量最大的农产品之一,其种植面积由１９６１年７７．９２７万ｈｍ＾２降为１９９５年的８．３４８万ｈｍ＾２,与世界经济越发     

从世界银行对二滩水电站环境影响评估中得到的启示

本文介绍了二滩水电站环境影响评价，以及世界银行评估过程中专家提出的一系列环境问题，并结合我院１０多年来的环境影响评价工作简述几点启示，供参考。     

西气东输工程靖边至宁陕界沙地生态环境保护对策

靖边至宁陕界的西气东输工程段属于毛乌素沙地南缘与陕北黄土高原北缘的过渡地带,项目区生态环境状况不稳定。一旦沙地植被遭到破坏,风吹蚀与沙搬运的荒漠化过程就会迅速发生,从而形成流沙使生态系统退化或破坏。在详细介绍了沙地特征和生态环境特点的基础上,提出了相应的荒漠化防治和治理措施,以将项目区的生态尽可能恢复成原状或将其不良影响降到最低。     

长江中下游地区旱涝气候年景和评定方法的研究

采用经过修改的Z值指标,利用1961～1995年5～9月的总降水量,建立了长江中下游地区7省市逐年的旱涝等级序列;同时通过计算干旱指数、洪涝指数和旱涝综合指数,对长江中下游地区的旱涝和旱涝气候年景进行了评定,初步实现了气候年景评定从定性向定量的转变,并得到一致的可比的历史序列。