高质量发展新形势下的现有水价制度分析——以某工业园区为例

企业用水、排水量巨大,排水污染成分复杂.在高质量发展新形势要求下现行的水价标准和水环境持续改善目标之间存在不匹配现象.该研究通过问卷调研获得一手数据,运用水平衡模型计算了目标工业园区内企业的真实用水和排水量,并就两档水资源费和污水处理费情境下企业的承受能力进行了分析讨论.结果表明,工业园区企业存在着私自取水和偷排废水情...     

白洋淀两种生境中芦苇地上生物量及其影响因子分析

文章在野外调查的基础上,在白洋淀台田和沼泽中各选择6个样区,统计分析了2种生境芦苇地上生物量;运用冗余分析方法(RDA),分析了芦苇生长季(4～9月)平均水深、土壤/底泥有机质、全氮和全磷等对两类生境中芦苇地上生物量的影响.结果表明,台田、沼泽中芦苇地上生物量分别为1 408.2±527.5 gDW/m2、723.2±...     

Characteristics of change in water quality along reclaimed water intake area of the Chaobai River in Beijing, China

To reveal the basic characteristics and controlling factors of water quality change in the project Wenyu to Chaobai reclaimed water diversion, the water quality in the study area was monitored for one year at seven monitoring sites. Inverse geochemical models of the statistical groups were developed using PHREEQC to elucidate the hydrochemistry characteristics of reclaimed water and the factors. The monitoring results indicated that nitrogen and phosphorus contents were significantly reduced along the river mainly caused by seasonal and location variation. The pH ranged from 7.44 to 9.81. Photosynthesis of algae and denitrification in anaerobic microenvironment ultimately led to a sudden p H increase after the Jian River and the Chaobai River confluence. Mg~(2+)and SO_4~(2-) levels dropped obviously in the summer and increased in winter seasons after intersection. Na+and Cl-are relatively stable, and marked drop in the concentration only after the two rivers meet. And there is a decrease of Ca~(2+) and HCO~(3-) and increase in CO_3~(2-) during monitoring period. As a whole, the primary ions and nutrient components, including nitrogen and phosphorus, had high levels in winter. Algae's photosynthesis and respiration were observed to have an impact on the river water quality; there was precipitation–dissolution of minerals and denitrification from upstream to downstream. Inverse geochemical PHREEQC modeling confirmed that there was precipitation of aragonite or calcite, and gypsum or anhydrite in summer, and dissolution in winter; as well as precipitation of dolomite in winter, and cationic exchange and denitrification along the river.     

沙颖河闸坝调控与淮河干流水质风险管理

文章分析了沙颖河闸上重污染水集中泄流与淮河干流突发性污染事故的关系。结果表明：在目前排污条件下，淮河干流突发性污染事故的风险，是沙颖河河道节制闸上蓄积实际用水量数十倍及至近百倍的重污染水所造成的。但是，只要闸上始终保持１０￣１５ｄ蓄积水量的规模，然后每天不间断地泄流日均蓄水量规模的水量，则完全可以协调农业生产与淮河干流水质保护之间的关系。     

典型内分泌干扰物对人工湿地运行效果的影响

研究构建了2组表流人工湿地模拟系统和3组潜流人工湿地模拟系统,种植菖蒲、芦苇,在平均进水COD、TN、NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N、NO_2~--N浓度分别为110、21、6、9以及6 mg/L,进水流速为42 m L/min,水力停留时间为6 h的条件下,研究典型内分泌物双酚A(BPA)和2,4-二氯苯酚在浓度为2 mg/L时对人工湿地的运行效果影响。结果表明,两种内分泌干扰物对人工湿地的污染物去除均有抑制作用。在COD去除上,两种内分泌干扰物对表流人工湿地的负面影响要高于潜流人工湿地。在各类N元素的去除上,在潜流人工湿地中,添加BPA的负面影响要高于添加2,4-二氯苯酚。     

净水厂应对水源地突发苯胺污染处理能力研究

通过对粉末活性炭(PAC)的改性研究提高净水厂对苯胺突发污染的应急能力。以松花江水源地为实验用水,以苯胺污染为研究对象,采用PAC吸附工艺对净水厂应对苯胺突发污染的能力进行了系统研究。结果表明,由于原水中NOM存在的竞争吸附作用,当苯胺超标5倍时,需要PAC投加量130 mg/L才能使出水达标,但对出水浊度产生不利影响;经KOH改性的PAC,在不影响出水浊度的投加量为80 mg/L时就能处理超标5倍的苯胺。     

Enhanced photocatalytic activities of silicon nanowires/graphene oxide nanocomposite: Effect of etching parameters

Homogeneous and vertically aligned silicon nanowires (SiNWs) were successfully fabricated using silver assisted chemical etching technique. The prepared samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Photocatalytic degradation properties of graphene oxide (GO) modified SiNWs have been investigated. We found that the SiNWs morphology depends on etching time and etchant composition. The SiNWs length could be tuned from 1 to 42 µm, respectively when varying the etching time from 5 to 30 min. The etchant concentration was found to accelerate the etching process; doubling the concentrations increases the length of the SiNWs by a factor of two for fixed etching time. Changes in bundle morphology were also studied as function of etching parameters. The SiNWs diameter was found to be independent of etching time or etchant composition while the size of the SiNWs bundle increases with increasing etching time and etchant concentration. The addition of GO was found to improve significantly the photocatalytic activity of SiNWs. A strong correlation between etching parameters and photocatalysis efficiency has been observed, mainly for SiNWs prepared at optimum etching time and etchant concentrations of 10 min and 4:1:8. A degradation of 92% was obtained which further improved to 96% by addition of hydrogen peroxide. Only degradation efficiency of 16% and 31% has been observed for bare Si and GO/bare Si samples respectively. The obtained results demonstrate that the developed SiNWs/GO composite exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance and could be used as potential platform for the degradation of organic pollutants.     

New methods for identification of disinfection byproducts of toxicological relevance: Progress and future directions

Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) represent a ubiquitous source of chemical exposure in disinfected water. While over 700 DBPs have been identified, the drivers of toxicity remain poorly understood. Additionally, ever evolving water treatment practices have led to a continually growing list of DBPs. Advancement of analytical technologies have enabled the identification of new classes of DBPs and the quantification of these chemically diverse sets of DBPs. Here we summarize advances in new workflows for DBP analysis, including sample preparation, chromatographic separation with mass spectrometry (MS) detection, and data processing. To aid in the selection of techniques for future studies, we discuss necessary considerations for each step in the strategy. This review focuses on how each step of a workflow can be optimized to capture diverse classes of DBPs within a single method. Additionally, we highlight new MS-based approaches that can be powerful for identifying novel DBPs of toxicological relevance. We discuss current challenges and provide perspectives on future research directions with respect to studying new DBPs of toxicological relevance. As analytical technologies continue to advance, new strategies will be increasingly used to analyze complex DBPs produced in different treatment processes with the aim to identify potential drivers of toxicity.     

重金属Cd在再生水—土壤—蔬菜体系中的迁移

通过小区试验种植了小白菜和萝卜,以再生水灌溉和污泥施肥,采用修正的BCR法测定了再生水、污泥、土壤、蔬菜中重金属Cd的5种形态含量,分析Cd在再生水(污泥)-土壤-蔬菜体系中的迁移和累积特征。结果表明:灌溉用清水和再生水中Cd的总量均未超出国家农田灌溉水质标准(GB5084-2005)的规定,但水样中的Cd主要以水溶态存在,生物有效性系数K≥0.85。经再生水灌溉和污泥施肥后土壤中Cd的形态和总量均发生了变化。蔬菜地上部分中Cd以水溶态B0和可氧化态B3的形式存在,B0>B3;而地下部分以B0、B2和B3为主,B0相似文献   

乌梁素海富营养化状态的模糊模式识别研究

本文利用模糊模式识别交叉迭代模型对分布于乌梁素海各水功能区的21个水质监测点,2009年5月～10月的富营养化等级进行了模糊模式识别研究;并利用Arcview的空间分析功能,绘制富营养化等级识别结果的空间分布月变化Grid图。将富营养化状态识别结果及其分布区域与乌梁素海同期水质监测指标浓度变化及其分布区域进行对比分析及验证。识别结果与实际水质状况相符,验证了该方法的有效性。