糖蜜酒精蒸馏废液色素研究

采用凝胶渗透色谱方法测定从甘蔗糖蜜酒精废液中提纯的色素的分子量。通过吸收光谱、原子吸收光谱、氨基酸分析、溶剂析出等方法，确定色素的成分。结果表明，该色素具有三个不同分子量的组分，重均分子量分别为21889、987和439Da。主要有酚类色素、焦糖色素和美拉德色素等3种色素，其质量分数分别为20%、67.7%和12.3%。色素中铁质量分数为0.12%，水解氨基酸质量分数为5.23%。     

Holographic QSAR of selected esters

The HQSAR (Holographic QSAR) method, which has been recently developed, can offer the ability to rapidly and easily generate QSAR models of high statistical quality and predictive value. HQSAR analysis requires selecting values for parameters that specify the size of the hologram that is to be used, and the size and type of fragment substructures that are to be encoded. The color coding is provided by HQSAR to reflect which molecular fragments may be important contributors to the biological activity. In this work, we studied the quantitative structure activity relationship of selected esters using the HQSAR method. A robust HQSAR model with r² (non-cross-validated regression coefficient) of 0.981 and q² (cross-validated regression coefficient) of 0.912, was developed after optimizing the fragment size and the hologram length. The color coding analysis, which has rarely been reported before, was done here to explain the outlier successfully.     

环境微生态研究中的分子生物学新技术

随着分子生物学的发展,可用于环境微生态研究的新方法新手段不断出现.利用这些分子生物学技术,可直接对环境样品的总DNA进行分析,绕开菌株分离和培养瓶颈,可以最大限度地获得相关微生物的遗传信息,全面地分析环境中微生物的多样性.对目前广泛应用于环境微生态研究的分子生物学新技术,包括rDNA基因序列分析、变性梯度凝胶电泳、温度梯度凝胶电泳、单链构象多态性、限制性片段长度多态性、随机扩增多态性DNA、核酸杂交和DNA芯片等技术进行了综述.     

硫化氢自动在线分析仪中SCRUBBER替代材料的研制

在一定缓冲溶液介质条件下,通过盐类在溶液中的离子交换对分子筛进行改性处理,制备H2S在线分析仪中进口SCRUBBER替代材料。结果表明200μg/L下SO2的滤除效率〉99.9%、200mg/L下H2S转化率〉99.4%,完全符合H2S分析仪要求,且明显好于美国SCRUBBER材料,成本降低80%。     

Distribution and spectral characteristics of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in a coastal bay in northern China

The absorption spectra of chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOM),along with general physical,chemical and biological variables,were determined in the Bohai Bay,China,in the springs of 2011 and 2012. The absorption coefficient of CDOM at 350 nm(a350) in surface water ranged from 1.00 to 1.83 m-1(mean: 1.35 m-1) in May 2011 and from 0.78 to 1.92 m-1(mean:1.19 m-1) in April 2012. Little surface-bottom difference was observed due to strong vertical mixing. The a350 was weakly anti-correlated to salinity but positively correlated to chlorophyll a(Chl-a) concentration. A shoulder over 260–290 nm,suggestive of biogenic molecules,superimposed the overall pattern of exponentially decreasing CDOM absorption with wavelength. The wavelength distribution of the absorption spectral slope manifested a pronounced peak at ca. 300 nm characteristic of algal-derived CDOM. All a250/a365 ratios exceeded 6,corresponding to CDOM molecular weights(Mw) of less than 1 kDa. Spectroscopically,CDOM in the Bohai Bay differed substantively from that in the Haihe River,the bay's dominant source of land runoff; photobleaching of the riverine CDOM enlarged the difference.Results point to marine biological production being the principal source of CDOM in the Bohai Bay during the sampling seasons. Relatively low runoff,fast dilution,and selective photodegradation are postulated to be among the overarching elements responsible for the lack of terrigenous CDOM signature in the bay water.     

抗锶放线菌的分子鉴定及对Sr~(2+)的吸附效果和初步吸附机理分析

从大亚湾核电站附近水体中分离筛选出一株抗锶放线菌(编号YF-64),研究了该菌株在不同环境参数条件下对锶的吸附效果和初步机理,通过形态和16S rDNA序列相结合的方法对菌株进行了分类鉴定,采用红外光谱(FT-IR)分析技术对菌株吸附前后进行表征,探讨其吸附机制。结果表明,抗锶菌株隶属于天蓝黄链霉菌(基因序列登录号:JF901702),菌株对Sr~(2+)具有较强的吸附效果,根据数据显示,当接触时间为50 min,pH值为6,Sr~(2+)初始浓度为50 mg/L,摇床转速为120 r/min时,该菌株的吸附效果达到最佳为44.29 mg/g;FT-IR结果显示,JF901702菌株对Sr~(2+)的吸附主要是由细胞壁上的羟基,次甲基,羰基起主要吸附作用。由此可知,JF901702菌株可作为经济、高效、环境友好的生物吸附材料进行废水重金属处理。     

Effects of redox potential on soil cadmium solubility: Insight into microbial community

Understanding the role of microbes in the solubility of cadmium (Cd) is of fundamental importance for remediation of Cd toxicity. The present study aimed to identify the microbes that involved in regulating Cd solubility and to reveal possible mechanisms. Therefore, microbial communities were investigated through high-throughput sequencing approach, the molecular ecological network was constructed and metagenomes were predicted. Our results indicated that redox conditions affected both the solubility of soil Cd and the microbial communities. Anaerobic microbes, such as Anaerolineaceae, did not only play important roles in shaping the microbial community in soils, but might also be involved in regulating the Cd solubility. Two possible mechanisms that how Anaerolineaceae involved in Cd solubility are (1) Anaerolineaceae are important organic matter degraders under anoxic conditions and (2) Anaerolineaceae can co-exist with methane metabolism microbes, while methane metabolism promotes the precipitation of soluble Cd. Thus, application of Anaerolineaceae in bioremediation of soil Cadmium contamination is a potential approach. The study provided a novel insight into the role of microbial community in the regulation of Cd solubility under different redox conditions, and suggested a potential approach for the remediation of soil Cd contamination.     

The relation between chemical structure and mutagenic activity of some polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (s‐pah)

Results of Hückel Molecular Orbital (HMO) calculations strongly suggest identical metabolic activation routes for the mutagen benzo[2,3]phenanthro[4,5‐bcd]thiophene and its homocyclic parent, benzo[a]pyrene.     

Insights on the solubilization products after combined alkaline and ultrasonic pre-treatment of sewage sludge

This work provides insights on the solubilization products after a simultaneous combination of alkaline and ultrasonic (ALK + ULS) pre-treatment of sewage sludge. Soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) increased from 1200 to 11,000 mg/L after such treatment. Organics with molecular weight around 5.6 kDa were solubilized because of the synergistic effect of ultrasound and alkali. Organics with molecular weight larger than 300 kDa increased from 7.8% to 60%, 16% and 42.3% after ULS, ALK and ALK + ULS treatment, respectively. Excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy analysis identified soluble microbial product-like and humic acid-like matters as the main solubilization products. Sludge anaerobic biodegradability was significantly enhanced with the simultaneous application of ALK + ULS pre-treatment. ALK + ULS pre-treatment resulted in 37.8% biodegradability increase compared to the untreated sludge. This value was higher compared to the biodegradability increase induced by individual ALK pre-treatment (5.7%) or individual ULS pre-treatment (20.7%) under the same conditions applied.     

Molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at a large-scale antimony mining area in southern China

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have great potential for assisting heavy metal hyperaccumulators in the remediation of contaminated soils. However, little information is available about the community composition of AMF under natural conditions in soils contaminated by antimony (Sb). The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of AMF molecular diversity, and to explore the effects of Sb content and soil properties on the AMF community structure in an Sb mining area. Four Sb mine spoils and one adjacent reference area were selected from around the Xikuangshan mine in southern China. The association of AMF molecular diversity and community composition with the rhizosphere soils of the dominant plant species was studied by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Results from all five studied sites showed that the diversity of AMF decreased with increasing Sb concentration. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the AMF community structure was markedly different among these groups. Further redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that Sb contamination was the dominating factor influencing the AMF community structure in the Sb mine area. However, the multivariate analysis showed that, apart from the soil Sb content, extractable nitrogen content and organic matter content also attributed to AMF sequence distribution type. Some AMF sequences were only found in the highly contaminated area and these might be ideal candidates for improving phytoremediation efficiency in Sb mining regions. Gene sequencing analysis revealed that most species were affiliated with Glomus, suggesting that Glomus was the dominant AMF genus in the studied Sb mining area.