Flow cytometric analysis of nuclear DNA stained with SYBR Green I in Phaeodactylum tricornutum北大核心CSCD

This study aimed to investigate a suitable method to stain the nuclei of Phaeodactylum tricornutum with a flow cytometer equipped with a 488-nm laser to detect the DNA. Exponentially growing cells were fixed using a 70% ethanol, a 1% glutaraldehyde and a 1% formaldehyde solution, respectively. The samples were treated with RNase A and were then stained with propidium iodide. Samples not treated with RNase A were stained with SYBR-green I. All these samples were observed under a fluorescence microscope and the content of the nuclear DNA was quantitated by flow cytometry. Specific fluoresce spots indicate that fluorescence was detected only in the nuclei of cells stained with SYBR-green I and non-RNase A treated, using fluorescence microscopy. The result of flow cytometry showed that the DNA histogram of cells stained with SYBR-green I had distinct G1 and G2/M peaks, with a fit degree (RCS) of about 3, and a coefficient of variation (CV) of around 8.6%. However, the DNA histograms of cells stained with propidium iodide had a higher CV value, a poor fit degree, and no obvious G1 and G2/M peaks. The results indicate that SYBR Green I is an adequate detection method for nuclear DNA quantitation in cells of P. tricornutum using a flow cytometer equipped with a 488-nm laser, and without RNase A treatment. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Spatial and seasonal variations in bacterial communities of the Yellow Sea by T-RFLP analysis

Four typical coastal sites (rocky shore, sandy shore, mud flat shore, and artificial harbor) at the Yellow Sea were chosen to investigate the spatial and seasonal variations in bacterial communities. This was accomplished by using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of PCR amplified 16S rDNA fragments. Two kinds of tetrameric restriction enzymes, HhaI and MspI, were used in the experiment to depict the bacterial community diversity in different marine environments. It was found that the community compositions digested by the two enzymes separately were different. However, the results of bacterial community diversity derived from them were similar. The MDA analysis results of T-RFLP profiles coming from HhaI and MspI both exhibited a significant seasonal community shift for bacteria and a relatively low spatial variation among the four locations. With HhaI as the sample, the pair wise T-tests also revealed that variations were minor between each pair of marine environments, with R ranging from 0.198 to 0.349. However, the bacterial community structure in the mud flat site depicted a larger difference than each of the other three sites (R ranging from 0.282 to 0.349).     

Perspectives on community health issues and the mining boom-bust cycle

The health of mining communities is becoming a priority for the mining industry, governments, and researchers. This paper describes an exploratory qualitative study into community health issues and mining activities (associated with the mining boom-bust cycle) from the perspective of health and social service providers in the northern Canadian coal mining community of Tumbler Ridge, British Columbia. Health and social service providers report on increases in pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections, and mine related injuries during booming mine activities. During bust times, mental health issues such as depression and anxiety were reported. Overarching community health issues prominent during both boom and bust periods include burdens to health and social services, family stress, violence towards women, and addiction issues. This paper concludes by providing recommendations as to how the industry can enhance community health made by this important stakeholder group.     

The forgotten resource curse: South Africa's poor experience with mineral extraction

Studies of the resource curse as it affects African states abound, yet few deal specifically with the experiences of South Africa. The inability of countries to convert natural resource wealth into income and improved development measures remains highly pertinent and is especially apparent in Africa's largest economy. This paper takes a unique approach to study the resource curse by comparing South Africa's political economy with the existing resource curse literature. Using data from international organisations, studies of poverty and qualitative evidence this paper examines South Africa's experience with mineral extraction. It is found that South Africa has experienced many of the symptoms outlined in the resource curse literature including relatively slow GDP growth, gross inequalities, entrenched poverty and the creation of a rentier state. Overall, it is concluded that South Africa has failed to benefit from natural resource wealth and can be classified as a resource cursed state. Not only has mineral wealth failed to benefit much of South Africa's population, sections of society have actually been harmed through the process of mineral extraction. This paper is the first to examine South Africa in light of the current resource curse literature and to conclude that the state far more closely resembles its sub-Saharan African neighbours than its upper-middle income peers.     

稀土铒掺杂TiO_2光催化剂的吸附和光催化活性研究

通过溶胶-凝胶法成功的制备了一系列Er3+掺杂的TiO2光催化剂,并通过XRD、DRS对催化剂进行了表征,结果表明所制催化剂为锐钛矿型,Er3+的掺杂有利于抑制晶粒生长,提高晶体的热稳定性。紫外-可见吸收(DRS)光谱证实,Er3+的掺杂增强了催化剂在可见光区域的吸收能力。吸附实验结果表明,Er3+的掺杂显著提高了橙黄I在TiO2催化剂表面的吸附能力,随掺杂量增加,吸附增强。活性实验结果表明,Er3+的掺杂显著提高了TiO2的光催化活性,最佳掺杂量为1.5%。     

轻型机动车尾气排放测试研究

通过在底盘测功机上进行轻型机动车的稳态负荷工况测试和瞬态负荷工况测试,进一步研究轻型机动车尾气排放污染物浓度、发动机输出功率、机动车行驶速度的相关性。并提出了通过计算排放变化率／加速度比例系数来确定稳态工况与瞬态工况的相关关系的方法,这对于I／M检测制度有很重要的技术意义。     

Control strategies for vehicular NOx emissions in Guangzhou, China

Guangzhou is a city in southern China that has experienced very rapid economic development in recent years. The city's air has very high concentrations of various pollutants, including sulphur dioxide (SO₂), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), ozone (O₃) and particulate. This paper reviews the changes in air quality in the city over the past 15 years, and notes that a serious vehicular-related emissions problem has been superimposed on the traditional coal-burning problem evident in most Chinese cities. As NOx concentrations have increased, oxidants and photochemical smog now interact with the traditional SO₂ and particulate pollutants, leading to increased health risks and other environmental concerns.
Any responsible NOx control strategy for the city must include vehicle emission control measures. This paper reviews control strategies designed to abate vehicle emissions to fulfill the city's air quality improvement target in 2010. A cost-effectiveness analysis suggests that, while NOx emission control is expensive, vehicular emission standards could achieve a relatively sizable emissions reduction at reasonable cost. To achieve the 2010 air quality target of NOx, advanced implementation of EURO3 standards is recommended, substituting for the EURO2 currently envisioned in the national regulations. Related technical options, including fuel quality improvements and inspection/maintenance (I/M) upgrades (ASM or IM240), are assessed as well.     

利用加速器质谱仪进行快速~(129)I检测的方法研究

加速器质谱法是~(129)I最灵敏的检测方法。传统方法分析样品时通常需要复杂的化学制样流程,对样品中碘元素进行分离、富集和纯化,测试周期较长,成本高。在核应急分析等类型的应用研究中,需要对大批量样品中的~(129)I含量开展快速检测,针对此类应用需求特点,本研究尝试开发一种快速、流程简便并且成本低廉的~(129)I-AMS检测方法。以三种已知~(129)I水平的国际标准物质作为研究样品,将干燥和研磨均匀化的样品粉末直接与加入过本底碘的电热导体介质(Nb粉末)混合后压入靶座,实现快速制靶,进行加速器质谱测量,再结合制靶时称量的相关质量关系数据就能直接计算得出原始样品中的~(129)I活度。通过对测量数据与已知值进行比较分析验证了方法的可靠性,估算方法的探测下限可达0.15μBq?g~(-1)。     

环境一号卫星环境应用系统工程及其关键技术研究进展

简介长达11年的国家重点项目“环境一号卫星环境应用系统工程及其关键技术研究”的核心内容及其重要研究成果，对环境一号卫星系统需求分析、设计理论、研制发射和运行应用全过程进行了完整的研究与实践，为环境一号卫星系统的建设、应用和业务运行奠定了重要基础。