煤系页岩瓦斯吸附-解吸特性核磁共振实验研究

吸附态和游离态瓦斯变化规律能为煤系页岩瓦斯安全高效抽采提供技术参考,常规实验方法难以实现对吸附态和游离态瓦斯变化规律的独立表征。以阜新盆地清河门矿煤系页岩为例,采用低场核磁共振技术对煤系页岩粉试样进行瓦斯吸附-解吸实验,并提出以核磁共振T2（横向弛豫时间）谱幅值积分作为瓦斯含量定量表征指标。实验表明:吸附-解吸过程T2谱曲线有3个特性峰,对应3个横向弛豫时间截止阈值;吸附态瓦斯量与瓦斯压力符合朗格缪尔方程,而游离态瓦斯量与瓦斯压力呈线性关系;吸附态瓦斯解吸过程具有明显滞后性,且存在7.26 MPa临界滞后瓦斯压力,而游离态瓦斯吸附和解吸过程近似可逆,无明显滞后性。     

Radical Scavengers Suppress Low Frequency EMF Enhanced Proliferation in Cultured Cells and Stress Effects in Higher Plants

Summary In previous publications, we reported that sinusoidal varying magnetic fields (SVMF) modify the activity and dynamics of the malignancy marker adenosine deaminase, and enhance the proliferation of chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF). While the SVMF examined by us (50, 60 & 100 Hz / 0.06–0.7 mT) were all below kT, they may have the potential of altering chemical processes in which excited radicals are involved. We tested this hypothesis in two experimental systems: CEF in culture and Spirodela oligorrhiza (Lemnaceae) (a small aquatic plant, commonly known as Duckweed). CEF were exposed to SVMF of 100 Hz/0.7 mT for 24 h. The addition of the exogenous radical scavengers catalase, superoxide dismutase or vitamin E to the cells during exposure significantly suppressed enhancement of cell proliferation caused by the field (by 79, 67 and 82%, respectively, as evaluated by the MTT colorimetric assay). ¹⁵N NMR analysis of Duckweed plants fed by ¹⁵N-labeled ammonium chloride and exposed to SVMF at 60 and 100 Hz/0.7 mT for 24 h, revealed augmented alanine production. Alanine did not accumulate in the absence of SVMF. The addition of vitamin C, a radical scavenger, reduced alanine production by 82%. Exposure to SVMF resulted in specific metabolic stress effects in Duckweed plants and enhanced proliferation of CEF. In both cases, it is suggested that free radicals are involved.     

Tissue distribution, excretion, and metabolism of 1,2,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the rat

A tissue distribution, excretion, and metabolism study was conducted using a relatively non-toxic dioxin congener, i.e., 1,2,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1278-TCDD), to gain a better understanding of mammalian metabolism of dioxins. Conventional, bile duct cannulated, and germ free male rats were administered mg/kg quantities as a single oral dose. Elimination of 1278-TCDD was largely complete by 72 h. Distribution of [¹⁴C]1278-TCDD was low in all tissues examined. Metabolites were identified in urine, bile, and feces by negative ion FAB-MS and ¹H-NMR, or GC/MS. The major fecal metabolite was a NIH-shifted hydroxylated TCDD. The bile contained a glucuronide conjugate of this hydroxy TCDD, and a diglucuronide conjugate of a dihydroxy-triCDD. The major metabolites in urine were glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of 4,5-dichlorocatechol.     

Species analysis methods for hydrolysis polymerization of aluminum

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Chemical and spectral characterization of soil phosphorus under three land uses from an Andic Palehumult in West Cameroon

Phosphorus (P) is one of the main limiting plant nutrients in most tropical soils. Acquiring quantitative information on soil P status is essential for evaluating its sustainable management in agroecosystems. The objective of this study was to evaluate how land-use shifts from semi-permanent food crop systems (CF) to plantations of tea (Camellia sinensis) (TP) and Eucalyptus grandis (EP) impact on both organic and inorganic P species. Determination of phosphorus status combined a P sequential fractionation procedure and ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Sequentially extracted pools included available P by 0.5 M NaHCO₃, Al/Fe-P by 0.1 M NaOH, Ca-P by 0.5 M HCl and residual P by 0.5 M H₂SO₄ after ignition at 550 °C. Soil total P (STP) varied significantly across land uses (P<0.05) with the lowest mean value (1025.6±23.1 mg kg⁻¹) occurring under CF and the highest (1698.0±86.1 mg kg⁻¹) under TP. The largest P-pools were NaOH-P (47–51% of total soil P) and H₂SO₄-P (25–32%). NaHCO₃-P_i under fertilized land uses (CF and TP) was greater than 12 mg kg⁻¹ indicating that these systems were sustainable. Unfertilized EP was P-deficient, probably as the result of organic-matter accretion and subsequent P immobilization in organic forms. ³¹P NMR revealed that 88–89% of P compounds in NaOH extract were organic with monoester-P accounting for 59.1–60.8%. This was followed by diester-P (9.8–12.4%), teochoic acid (8.4–10.1%), orthophosphate (8.8–9.7%), unknown compounds (7.4–8.4%), pyrophosphate (1.1–4.6%) and phosphonate (0–1.3%). EP had higher diester-P and no phosphonate compound whereas CF had substantial amount of pyrophosphate (4.6%) and less orthophosphate and teochoic acid. These results indicate that these last P compounds are easily mineralizable P forms participating actively in plant P nutrition.     

对硫磷的紫外光解研究

采用＾３１ＰＮＭＲ谱推测对硫磷的光解机理,拟合了对硫磷初级光解的动力学方程,详细地研究了光催化剂,酸度,溶解氧等因素对光解速率的影响。     

Soil organic matter chemistry. Part 1. Characterization of several humic preparations by proton and carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Both laboratory and commercial preparations of humic substances (HSs) such as fulvic acids and humic acids along with HC1‐HF preparation of Manitoba peat soil organic matter were characterized using Fourier Transformation (FT) proton (¹H) and carbon‐13 (¹³C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. All the samples were dissolved in a solution of 0.4 N NaOD in D₂O. In the case of ‘H‐NMR spectroscopy, all the investigated humic samples displayed resonance absorption peaks in the region of 1–4 ppm indicating the likely presence of aliphatic protons in the preparations. However, with the exception of one fulvic acid preparation (extracted from Manitoba Carrol clay‐loam soil with 0.5 N NaOH), ¹H‐NMR spectra of all other samples provided evidence for strong aromatic character. The aliphatic and aromatic characteristics of such samples of HSs were further confirmed with the aid of ¹³C‐NMR spectra.     

基于核磁共振技术不同煤样吸附CH4实验研究

为研究CH4在高、中、低阶3种煤样(无烟煤、焦煤、长焰煤)中的吸附特性及分布规律,采用低场核磁共振技术在不同吸附时间、不同压力条件下分别进行不同煤样的吸附甲烷实验.从微观上分析时间效应、变质效应、压力效应对煤吸附CH4的影响规律及甲烷在煤上各个孔径阶段分布变化.结果表明:随着吸附时间的增大,3种煤样的吸附态T2谱振幅积...     

聚合硅酸硫酸铝溶液中铝的形态分布及转化规律

以硫酸铝、水玻璃和铝酸钠为原料合成出了具有不同碱化度(B)和si／Al摩尔比的聚合硅酸硫酸铝(PASS)混凝剂,用Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法和^27Al NMR法研究了PASS中铝的形态分布．结果表明,Si／Al摩尔比对PASS形态的影响要小于B值的影响;在一定的B值和Si/Al摩尔比下,Alb成为PASS中铝的优势形态;PASS中Alb和Ferron试剂的反应遵循准一级反应规律,其Kb差异不大．     

高阶煤孔隙特征的低场核磁共振实验研究

研究孔裂隙特征对煤层中甲烷的产出及运移具有重要的意义。为了得到高阶煤的孔裂隙特征信息,采用低场核磁共振仪对高阶煤样做低场核磁共振实验,测得煤样的T2图谱,进一步分析得到了煤样的核磁渗透率、核磁孔隙度、可动流体饱和度、束缚流体饱和度以及孔径分布等参数的实验结果,并测出煤样的工业分析参数。分析结果得出:原煤中孔隙体积与煤的挥发分含量呈正比的关系;高阶煤孔隙发育而裂隙不发育,并且在孔隙中微孔和小孔占有较大的比例而中孔和大孔占有较少的比例;煤样渗透率与煤样内小孔和大孔所占的比例成正比,与煤样内微孔所占的比例成反比等结论。